WANE NE Faransa ta karɓi Vietnam a shekara ta 1857? - Sashe na 1
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Andrew Dang
Tarihi, da Masarautar Faransa ta biyu (1852-1870)[1] bai mamaye Vietnam ba a cikin 1857. A zahiri, ainihin mamayewa ya gudana 31 Agusta 1858 at Tourane (Yau Đà Nẵng City a tsakiyar Vietnam). Labari ne mai tsawo na kusan shekaru 30 na yaƙe-yaƙe da cin nasara, daga ẵà Nẵng a cikin 1858 zuwa Yarjejeniyar Huế a 1884[2], lokacin da Vietnam “bisa hukuma” ta rasa independenceancin kanta. Akwai mai yawa kuskure wanda hakan ya haifar da asarar 'yancin Vietnam. Tare da amsata a yau, Zan yi ƙarfi sosai a kan farkon lokacin 1858-1862, a lõkacin da Daular Nguyễn tare da nasa kuskuren manufofi na gaba ya juya duk fatan da cin nasarar mutanen Vietnam ya zama bala'i ta ƙasa! (Abin ba in ciki, amma abin ya faru)[3].
I. ZUCIYA DA TAFIYA (1858-1860): VIETNAMESE VICTORY
Da farko, a karkashin banner na "Kare zaluncin Vietnamese Katolika" A karkashin mulkin Daular Nguyễn, tare da jiragen yaki 14 da dakaru 3,000 da ke hannun Franco-Spanish a karkashin babbar dokar Admiral Charles Rigault de Genouilly (1807-1873)[5], sun fara harba manyan bindigogi masu linzami a kan dukkan sansanin sojojin ruwan Vietnam na bakin tekun Đà Nẵng da Dutsen Sơn Trà[6]. Wannan taron ya kasance farkon farkon shahararren Yankin Tourane a cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa (1858-1860), wanda a ƙarshe ya juya ya zama babban Nasarar Vietnamese.
Faransa ta yi tsammanin wani babban tashe na Katolika 'yan Vietnamese su yi wa Daular Nguyễn a babban birninta Garin Huế (mai nisan mil 100 daga matsayunnnnn Franco-Spanish waɗanda ke kewaye da Cityà Nẵng City), amma a zahiri sun samo babu Katolika na Vietnamese sun kasance a shirye don taimaka musu. Yakin ya kasance yana da muni sosai ga bangarorin biyu. Bayan Vietnamese Janar Lê Đình Lý (理, 1790 - 1858) ya mutu a fama, Marshal Chu Phúc Minh ya kasance mai kula da gaban sannan daga baya ya maye gurbinsa da Marshal Nguyen Tri Phương (知方, 1806-1873)[7], wanda ya shahara don dabarar yaƙi.
Ga Faransawa, a cikin Đà Nẵng sojojinsu suna ta cin zarafin su sau da yawa kuma a hannun sojojin Vietnam suka mamaye su. Troopsaruruwan sojoji da yawa sun rasa rayukansu sakamakon raunin yaƙi da ciwo, kamar su cutar zazzabin cizon sauro. A cikin 1859, Faransa ta gaba Admiral Théogène François Shafi (1807-1867), wanda ya maye gurbin matsayin Rigault de Genouilly, ya bayyana hakikanin halin Đà Nẵng a cikin wasikar sa kamar haka:
“Na zama babban kwamanda a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 1859. Wane irin gado na samu a can! Lallai na zana sanannen ƙaya daga ƙafar Rigault, amma don kawai in tura ta ƙarƙashin ƙusoshin kaina. Mun kashe miliyan talatin da biyu, kuma me ya rage a ciki? Yarjejeniyar tare da China wacce aka lalata da wuta, a Canton mamayar soja da aka tilasta ta zama 'yan sandan garin, a Tourane [Da Nang], ainihin gidan haya ne wanda dubunnan mutanenmu suka mutu da bala'i, ba da wata manufa ba, ba tare da sakamako ba. "[8][9]
Haka kuma, mummunan yaƙin a Chân Sảng Fort (ko Kien-Chan Fort) a 18 Nuwamba 1859 ko da tsada rayuwar Laftanar-Kanar Dupré-Déroulède, injiniyan sojan Faransa ne babba wanda yana cikin ma'aikatan hedikwatar kuma wanda ya shirya harin Đà Nẵng, lokacin da wani kwando na Vietnamese ya ratsa jikinsa. A ƙarshe, a 22 Maris 1860, Faransa ta yanke shawarar ƙona dukkan wuraren aikin soji a Đà Nẵng tare da motsa sojojinsu zuwa Saigon, ɗayan manyan biranen Vietnam.
II. MUTUWAR SAIGON (1859-1861): KYAUTA VIETNAMESE '' PHONY WAR ''
A lokaci guda tare da Siege na Tourane, Faransa ta sake buɗe wani fage a Kudancin Vietnam tun daga watan Fabrairu na 1859, tare da Kama Saigon Citadel ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1859. Bayan wani abin mamaki amma ba a sami nasarar yi wa kwace kwata ba Lardin Gia ranar 21 ga Afrilu 1859, tare da asarar rayuka 14 tare da jikkata 31, Faransawa sun dakatar da aikinsu, suka dawo kan wuraren da aka mamaye. [13].
Koyaya, saboda iyakokin ƙarfinsu, Faransawa kawai zasu iya riƙe yankin da aka kwace a kusa da Port of Saigon da garin Chợ Lớn na China. Dole ne su aika da ƙarin dakaru a gaban Tourane kuma musamman ci gaba Yaƙi Na Biyu a kasar Sin[15]. A cikin 1860, akwai sojojin Franco-Spanish guda 800 a yankin Saigon. Da farko an girke rundunarsu a karkashin umarnin Kyaftin Bernard Jaureguiberry (1815-1887)[16], daga baya jami'in sojan ruwan Faransa ya maye gurbinsa Jules d'Ariès (1813-1878).
A halin da ake ciki, sojojin Vietnamese sun taru suka fara wani “kewaye” da sojojin Faransa da na Spain a cikin Saigon kusan shekaru biyu, daga Fabrairu 1859 zuwa Fabrairu 1861 Amma a zahiri “matattara” ce, ko kuma wani irin 'Yaƙi na Vietnam': Tare da sama da sojoji 10,000 a kusa da Saigon, madarins na Vietnam na Daular Nguyễn kawai ya gina layin tsaro tare da manyan kaguwa kawai, ba tare da tunanin yadda za a fara kai hari ga mazaunan ba yayin da suke da madafan iko. kawai Sojojin Faransa da na Faransa 800 (gami da cinikin Tagals)!
Idan aka kwatanta shi da Kewayen Tourane, Yunkurin Saigon ya banbanta sosai: A cikin Tourane ko ẵà Nẵng, Faransanci kawai yana riƙe da wani ɓangare na tsaunin Sơn Trà saboda albarkar ƙasa da ƙirar da ta dace. Koyaya, a cikin Saigon Faransawa sun kame ɗayan manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Vietnam, don haka ba a katse hanyoyin samar da su ba. Bugu da ƙari, har ma sun sarrafa jigilar shinkafa a Kudancin Vietnam ma! A lokacin "kewayewa" (1859-1861), tashar jiragen ruwa ta Saigon karkashin ikon Faransa ta kasance mafi buɗe, tare da ɗaruruwan jiragen ruwa masu ciniki daga China, da Kambodiya da kuma Singapore yawanci suna tafiya ciki da waje. A shekara ta 1860, tashar jiragen ruwa ta Saigon ta karɓi[18]:
"Jirgin ruwa sittin da shida da jirage 100 sun ɗumbin tan dubu 60,000 na shinkafa a cikin watanni huɗu kawai kuma sun sami kuɗi mai yawa a Hong Kong da Singapore."
A lokacin harin, al'ummomin Sinawa a Chợ Lớn sun yi aiki tare da "sabon ikon Faransa" ("Ku tafi"), maimakon “tsohuwar gwamnatin” ("Ci gaba") na Daular Nguyễn. Yakin Faransa a Vietnam kawai ya sa su zama masu arziki da wadata.
Ana iya gani cewa tare da irin wannan “siege”, “damar zinare” domin murkushe mamayar mamayewa tsakanin Faransa da Spain, kuma Bayan haka, daular Nguyễn ta biya farashi mai nauyi don dabarun zaluncinsu bayan haka!
… CIGABA…
LABARI:
[1] Masarautar Faransa ta biyu - Wikipedia
[2] Yarjejeniyar Huế (1884) - Wikipedia
[5] Charles Rigault de Genouilly - Wikipedia
[6] Sơn Trà Mountain - Wikipedia
[7] Nguyễn Tri Phương - Wikipedia
[8] Shafin Théogène François - Wikipedia
[9] Théogène Francois Page da Louis de Gonzague Doudart de Lagrée marins polysniciens en Indochine
[10] Jirgin ruwan Faransa Némésis (1847) - Wikipedia
[11] Girman jirgin La Nemesis yayin harin Nuwamba 18,…
[12] Tourane Bay A zamanin yau Na Dang Vietnam Hoto Hoto (Gyara Yanzu) 69414649
[13] Kewaye na Saigon - Wikipedia
[14] Kewaye na Saigon - Wikipedia
[15] Yaƙin Opium na biyu - Wikipedia
[16] Bernard Jauréguiberry - Wikipedia
BAN TU THU
12 / 2019
NOTE:
◊ Hoton da aka fito dashi - Source: gallica.bnf.fr