GABATARWA GUDA 54 na inungiyoyi a VIETNAM - Sashe na 1

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PHAM DUC THANH, Dr. Assoc. Farfesa1

S-dimbin yawa yankin Kudu maso Asiya

    Vietnam Sasa ce da ke siffa S, wadda ke rufe gabashin murabba'in kilomita 331,041 na Yankin Indochina. An ba shi kyawawan wurare daban-daban: gandun daji da dutsen, tsakiyar teku, fili, teku, tsibiri da sararin samaniya na duniya.

    Vietnam yana cikin zuciyar kudu maso gabashin Asia, haɗin ɓangaren kudu maso gabas na Yurosia nahiyar.

    Duwatsu da tsaunuka sun cika kashi uku bisa huɗu na ƙasar. A cikin North, musamman ma Northwest, babban jeri ne. The Hoang Lien Son Range2, cudanya da Majin Kogin3 da arewa Truong Son Range4, shine VietnamYankin da yake da wahalar shiga sosai saboda daruruwan tsaunuka da tsaunuka masu raba da kuma toshe hanyoyin sadarwa tsakanin yankuna daban-daban. Wucewa kudu Truong Son Range2, tsaunuka suna gangarawa zuwa yamma, suna samar da babban dutse mai tsaunuka da ake kira Tayi Nguyen5 (Tsakiyar Tsakiya), to, ruga ƙasa zuwa gabashin ɓangaren Kudancin Vietnam kafin shiga mafi girma Mekong Delta6.

    Rijiyoyi a cikin Northwest kamar Da (Black), Hong (Red), Lo, Ma Ribas, duk suna gudana a cikin kudu maso kudu maso gabas. Networkarfin kogin m mai ƙarfi a cikin sashin layi na sama yana taimakawa wajen samar da kwaruruka masu girma dabam. Alluvial filaye da benen benayen an rufe su da kauri mai kauri na narkar da haihuwa wanda ya dace da aikin noman shinkafa. Waɗannan mahimman wuraren yankuna ne waɗanda suke da ƙa'idodi masu kyau don ƙirƙirar hoto mai kyan gani da al'adun gargajiya.

   A yankin arewa na Central Vietnam, tsaunuka suna gudu zuwa teku. Shortan gajeren kogin da ke gudu suna ɗaukar ƙaramin alluvium kuma ba za su iya yin girma mai zurfi ba. Daga ɓangaren kudu maso kudu, duk da haka, kusa da wasu koguna masu gudu zuwa gabas, irin waɗannan kogunan kamar Sai Bang Phay7, Ya da Bang Hieng Poko8, Da kuma Harshen Serepok9 gudana daga yamma zuwa ciki Laos10 da kuma Cambodia11 shiga cikin Kogin Mekong12 kafin dawowa cikin Vietnam Inda suka samar da wadataccen abinci Mekong Delta13.

    Vietnam tana da manyan filayen ƙasa, layin bakin teku mai nisan mil 3,200 da kuma matattarar babban masarufi, wadatattun albarkatu masu yawa waɗanda suka hada da matattarar albarkatun teku.

Kyakkyawan Panorama na Ethungiyoyin nicungiyoyi da yawa

    Vietnam kasa ce mai yawan kabilu. Dangane da sanarwar da Gwamnatin ta bayar, Vietnam yana da kabilu 54 a tsakanin waɗanda K'abilan Biyetnam (M) mafi rinjaye. 'Yan tsirarun kabilu kusan kashi 14% na yawan jama'a ne. A halin yanzu, waɗannan rukunin sun ƙunshi yawan mutane miliyan 12. Dogaro kan fasalin ilimin harshe, kabilu a cikin Vietnam An kasu kashi takwas a cikin rukunin ilimin ilimin yare:

  1. The Vietnam-Muong (rukunoni hudu):  K'abilan Biyetnam (M), Mun, Tho, Da kuma Kusa.
  2. The Taya-Thai (kungiyoyi takwas): Tay, Thai, Nung, Bo Y, Giay, Lao, Lu, Da kuma San Chayi.
  3. The Mun Khmer (Ƙungiyoyin 21): Kho Mu, Khang, Mang, Xinh Mun, Bru-Van Kieu, Ta Oi, Co Tu, Ho Re, Gie Trieng, Ba Na, Xe Dang, Brau, Ro Mam, Mnong, Ma, Co Ho, Xtieng Cho Ro. - Khmer, da kuma Ya Du.
  4. The H'mong-Dao (kungiyoyi uku): H'mong, Dao, Da kuma Pa To.
  5. The Malayo-Polineiyanci (rukuni biyar): Gia Rai, Ede, Chu Ru, Raglai, da kuma Zazzau.
  6. The Han (kungiyoyi uku): Hoa (Han), ngai, Da kuma San Diu.
  7. The Tibeto-Burma (kungiyoyi shida): Ha Nhi, Phu La, La Hu, Cong, Lo Lo, da kuma Idan da.
    8. Wasu: Co Lao, La Chi, Pu Peo, da kuma La Ha.

Continued ci gaba a cikin sashe na 2…

NOTES:
1 : PHAM DUC KYAUTA (1944, Hai Phong) - Mataimakin Farfesa, Ph.D., tsohon Daraktan Cibiyar Bincike ta Kudu maso gabas Asiya (1994-Maris 2006); Sakamakon yanayin yakin bayan Yarjejeniyar Geneva 1954, ya kammala sakandare a shekarar 1963 sannan ya yi rajista, sannan ya sake shi a shekarar 1968, daga nan ya wuce jarrabawar shiga zuwa Jami'ar Fasaha ta Hanoi, Shafi 13, Faculty of Tarihi, kuma yayi karatun jami'a a lokacin Daular Amurkayaki mafi barna a cikin North (marigayi 1972), to, komawa aiki a Cibiyar Tarihin Vietnam. A watan Yuni na shekarar 1973, ya kasance ma'aikaci na Kwamitin Binciken kudu maso gabashin Asiya, alhakin Cambodiafilin bincike, sannan kuma aka nada shi a matsayin Shugaban sashen Albarkatun bayanai (a 1978). A shekara ta 1983, da Cibiyar Bincike ta Kudu maso gabas Asiya An kafa harsashin ginin Kwamitin Binciken kudu maso gabashin Asiya Shi ne mai lura da Ubangiji Manajan Sashen bincike na Kambodiya da Sakataren Majalisar Kimiyya na Cibiyar. A cikin 1986, tare da aikin bincike kan Tarihin Kambodiya na zamani, yayi nasarar kare karatun digirinsa ya fara tabbatar da sunan sa a duniyar kimiyya.

    Komawa zuwa Czechoslovakia bayan tsawon lokacin horarwa a doctoral, a 1991, an inganta shi zuwa ga Mataimakin Darakta sannan kuma Daraktan Cibiyar Bincike ta Kudu maso gabas Asiya (a 1994) kuma ya kasance a wannan ofis din har zuwa lokacin ritayarsa (Maris, 2006).

    Shekaru da dama na aiki tare da Cibiyar, tare da nazarin ƙasashe a yankin, musamman a ƙasar Cambodia, Assoc. PHAM DUC THANH yana da wadatar ayyukan bincike na kimiyya: 1) Abubuwa da yawa kan manyan matakan Jiha kamar su: Matsayin manyan ƙasashe a yankin Asia-Pacific; 2) Tsarin reshe na shirin bincike kan tsarin jari hujja na zamani da kuma batun mai zaman kansa da ake kira “ASEAN ta haɗu a farkon karni na 21 na ƙarni”Wanda ya shugabanta; 3) Ayyuka bakwai na matakin minista akan batutuwa kamar: Dangantakar Vietnam-Laos a cikin tsarin tarihi, Communitiesabi'ar Vietnamese da Lao, Economicungiyar Tattalin Arziƙi na Asiya-Pacific (APEC), Triangle na Harshen Vietnam-Laos-Cambodia,…; 4) Hada kai don aiwatar da wasu abokan hadin gwiwa da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa don haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce a tsakanin masu bincike; 5) Game da littattafai 10 (rubuce daban kuma a hade) kamar: "Tarihin Kambodiya"(1995), "Dangantakar Vietnam-ASEAN“,…; 6) Game da labarai 30 da aka buga a cikin mujallu na ƙwararru na cikin gida da na waje.

    Kodayake aikinsa na sarrafawa yana da matukar wahala, Assoc. Farfesa Dr. PHAM DUC THANH har yanzu yana ba da lokaci don koyar da laccoci ga ɗalibai daga Faculty of Tarihi, da Sashen Nazarin Gabas at Babban Jami’ar Hanoi (yanzu Jami'ar Nazarin Zamani & 'Yan Adam, Jami'ar Kasa ta Vietnam, Hanoi), wasu jami'o'i a Ho Chi Minh City… Ya ce: "Al'ada ce ta koyarwar da ta taimaka sosai wajen aikin bincike kan al'amuran da suka shafi yankin karatu".

Pham Duc Thanh, Assco. Farfesa PhD - Holylandvietnamstudies.com
PHAM DUC THANH, Assoc. Farfesa PhD - Littattafai da Bincike.

2 :… Ana sabuntawa

KARA DUBA:
54 Ẻan Ẻan asalin Vietnam - Gabatarwa.
AL'UMMA na KUNGIYOYIN Kabila 54 a Vietnam - Sashe na 2.
BA BA Community na 54ungiyoyi XNUMX na Vietnam a Vietnam.
Version Tsarin Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo):  CONG DONG 54 DAN TOC Vietnam - Phan 1.
Version Tsarin Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo):  CONG DONG 54 DAN TOC Vietnam - Phan 2.
Harshen Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo):  54 toan gari ɗan Nam Nam.
Harshen Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo):  Nguoi BA NA trong Cong dong 54 Dan toh anh em Vietnam Nam.

BAN TU THU
06/2020

NOTE:
Source:  Kungiyoyi 54 na Vietnam - Gidan Buga na VNA Thong Tan, Hanoi, 2008.
Tu Ban Tu Thu ya saita duk bayanan ambato da rubutu. samawariya.et

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