GABATARWA GUDA 54 na inungiyoyi a VIETNAM - Sashe na 2

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Continued ci gaba don Sashe na 1:

PHAM DUC THANH, Dr. Assoc. Farfesa¹

Bangaren Al'adu Mai Kyau

    Yawancin kabilu hudu galibi suna zaune a filayen, ciki har da Kin, Hoa, Kam da kuma Khmer. Suna zaune kan noman-shinkafa, kamun kifi da kuma abubuwan fasahar zane-zane.

   Sauran kabilu marasa rinjaye suna zaune a cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka a cikin Arewa maso Gabas ta Tsakiya Vietnam da kuma Tsakiyar Tsakiya.

   The Northwest ya ƙunshi larduna huɗu: Hoa Binh¹⁴, Son La¹⁵, Lai Chau¹⁶ da kuma Din Bien¹⁷ inda kabilun kabilu ke da mafi yawan jama'a (72-85%). Suna da kashi 79.2% na jimlar yawan yankin da kashi 16.8% na yawan kabilun ƙasar.

   A wannan yankin, da Sauna shi ne mafi yawa - kusan 32.3% na yawan yankin da 54% na jimlar yawan mutanen Sauna in Vietnam. a Son La¹⁵ lardin, kungiyar tana da kashi 55% na yawan jama'a.

   The Muong asusun na 24% na yawan yankin da 48.5% na Muong al'umma a kasar. A Hoa Binh¹⁴ lardin, da Muong shine mafi yawan rukuni, wanda yawansu ya wuce kashi 63% na yawan jama'a.

   Sauran kabilun da ke zaune a yankin sun hada da Hmmmong (13% na yawan yankin da 36.7% na al'ummar H'mong) da kuma Dao (3.1% da 11.1% bi da bi).

   The arewa ya kunshi larduna 11. Minorananan kabilu sun kai 41.3% na yawan yankin da kuma 34.6% na jimlar yawan kabilun da ke Vietnam.

   Lardunan da ke da yawan kabilun kananan kabilu sune Cao Bang¹⁶, Ha Giang¹⁷, Ba Can¹⁸, Lang Son¹⁹, Lao Cai²⁰ (67% -95%). Yan Bai²¹ da kuma Tuyen Quang²² mallaki yawan jama'a wanda fiye da rabin ya fito ne daga ƙabilun ƙabilanci. Thai Nguyen²³, Phu Tho²⁴, Bac Giang²⁵ da kuma Quang Ninh²⁶ suna da tarko a cikin kabilu, daga 11% zuwa 25%,

   The Northwest shine gidan Sauna yayin da arewa shine maida hankali ne akan Tay da kuma Nung. Anan, da Tay lissafin 15% na yawan mazaunan gida da ke kusa 90% na jimlar Tay yawan jama'a. Wadannan lambobi na Nung sune kashi 8% da 85%, kuma Hmmmong 5% da 57%. The Tay da kuma Nung kabilun da ke zaune ne a yankuna mara kusa da wuraren samun ruwa. Suna da ƙwarewa a cikin namo da sauran sana'a.

   Bangaren arewa na Central Vietnam ya rufe larduna shida daga Thanh Hoa²⁷ to Thua Thien-Hu²⁸. Yawancin kabilu waɗanda ke zaune a yankin sune galibi Hmmmong, Thai, Kho mu, da kuma Muong. Sune kashi 10.6% na yan asalin ƙasar da kuma 10% na yawan ƙabilun kabilu a Vietnam.

Kodayake yawancin kabilu suna da kashi 14-16% ne kawai na yawan Thanh Hoa²⁷ da kuma Nghe An²⁸, yawancin gundumomin waɗannan lardunan biyu suna da tsaunuka masu yawa.

   The Sauna zaune a Thanh Hoa²⁷ da kuma Nghe An²⁸ Kusan kashi 37% na jimlar Sauna yawan jama'a. The Muong in Thanh Hoa²⁷ Kusan kashi 30% na yawan ƙungiyar. The Tho, karamin rukuni wanda ke da kusan mutane 70,000, galibi suna zaune Thanh Hoa²⁷ da kuma Nghe An²⁸ (95%). Mafi yawa daga 55,000 Bru-Van Ku mutane suna zaune a lardunan biyu na Quang Ninh²⁹ da kuma Gwajin Quang³⁰.

   Kudancin Central Vietnam tare da larduna shida sune sassaucin kabilu Ho Re, Bru-Van Kieu, Co Tu, Ta Oi, Gie Trieng, Raglai, da kuma Zazzau. Wadannan rukunoni suna da kashi 5.5% na yawan jama’ar gari kuma ƙasa da 3% na jimlar yawan kabilu a ƙasar. Sun fi maida hankali ne a wasu takamaiman wurare.

   Kusan 98% na Ho Re rukuni, 33-36% na Raglai, 15-16% na Zazzau kasance a wannan yankin.

   The Tsakiyar Tsakiya kunshi lardunan: Dak Lak³¹, Dak Nong³², Jiya Lai³³, Kon Tum³⁴ da kuma Lam Dong³⁵. Wannan wurin zama ne na kabilu sama da 40, gami da kabilu 12 na ƙasar (Gia Rai, E De, Ba Na, Xo Dang, Mnong, Gie Trieng, Ma, Chu Ru, Raglai, Co Ho, Brau, da Ro Mam). A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, ƙaurawar wasu kabilu masu yawa H'mong, Tay, Nung, Dao) daga Arewa na taimakawa wajen habaka tsarin yawan yankin. A nan, kabilun kabilu suna da sama da kashi 33% na yawan mazaunan yankin da kusan 13% na jimlar yawan kabilu a ciki Vietnam.

   ln da Mekong Delta³⁶, mafi yawan kabilun kabilu sune Khmer (Kashi 97% na yawan jama’ar Khmer) da kuma Hoa (Kashi 23% na yawan mutanen Hoa). The Zazzau Har ila yau, zauna a nan a cikin adadi kaɗan (12300 mutane, yin sama da 10% na jimlar yawan mutanen Cham), akasarinsu a ciki Giang³⁷ lardin.

 Anarfafa ilimin halittar mutum yana kawo haɓakar al'adu. A cikin filayen da kuma tsakiyar karkara, kabilun sun girma shinkafa-shinkafa, suna samar da ingantattun ƙauyuka da ƙauyuka waɗanda cibiyar ta kasance, kuma wurin bautar da aka keɓe ga allahn ƙauyen ƙauye. Wasu hotuna da yawa da suka saba da su kamar bishiyoyin bishian, rijiyoyin ruwa na ƙauyuka, gurnetin kore da bukukuwan birgewa sune abubuwan karfafawa da ƙarfafawa don haihuwar doguwar mace, ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda, filayen filayen lebur, qu ho ho³⁸ wakokin jama'a, shahararrun opera (ciki)³⁹ a cikin Red River Delta⁴⁰, ko chan chances da wakokin jama'a a Central Vietnam, ko kuma matarda tayi magana da ita (ao ba)⁴¹ da waƙoƙin mutane tare da sautunan monochord, suna kan ruwa a cikin rafi da koguna a cikin Mekong Delta³⁶.

  The Northwest yana da mafi yawan fasaha da al'adun kabilu daban-daban a ciki Vietnam. Babban tsauni da kwaruruka, manyan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, motsin shinkafa mai amfani da ruwa suna ɗaukar lokaci suna gudana. Filin filaye da aka rufe da shinkafa rawaya sune matakalai marasa iyaka waɗanda ke kaiwa zuwa ga babban sararin samaniya. A tsafin nock tsaunuka a Don Van³⁷ da kuma Meo Vac³⁸, mazauna karkara suna shuka amfanin gona a cikin ƙananan ramuka a cikin duwatsu. Wannan hanyar namo yana nuna ƙarancin ƙarfin aiki da ikon yin nasara akan yanayi.

  A cikin "wadatar zuci”Tattalin arziki,‘ yan matan da ke yankunan tsaunuka, tare da himma da gwaninta sun samu damar sakar riguna masu launin launuka, riguna, barguna wadanda aka yi wa kwalliya da zane-zane masu kyau, tare da samar da halaye daban-daban na kabilun daban-daban. Gidaje-kan-bene, gidaje masu katanga na ƙasa, kwale-kwalen dove, papooses, dawakai masu dawakai, fannoni na gida (stewed com gari, m shinkafa dafa shi a cikin sassan bamboo, miyan nama, giya shinkafa da aka ɗauka tare da madauri), kasuwannin dutse, kasuwannin ƙauna, bukukuwa, al'adun noma, wakokin jama'a sun zama ainihin abubuwan jan hankali ga baƙi.

  Al'adar kabilun kabilu a Tsakiyar Tsakiya yana da fasalin fasahar onwa, tare da dogayen gidaje-akan-kan-kan-kanyaya, dogayen gidaje-kan-kan-kan-kan-kan-sa da kuma wasan kwaikwayon wanda UNESCO ta karbe shi kwanan nan.³⁹ a matsayin gadon al'adun mutane. A cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiya, kayaks da tarkacen giwaye sune manyan hanyoyin jigilar kaya. Al'adar anan ana nuna ta da karafarini⁴⁰ sa, klong sa⁴¹ tsit, khan⁴² (wakokin addini) tunes, epics, da xoan⁴³ raye-raye.

Ofungiyar Ethungiyoyin nicungiyoyi 54 na Vietnam

    Shekaru dubbai, ƙabilan 53 masu yawa, tare da Viet (M) mutane, sun kafa babbar haɗin kai da iko Iyalin Vietnamese. A irin wannan tafarki mai cike da yalwatuwa, al'adun kabilu daban-daban na musamman ne da launuka masu mahimmanci. Rarraba al'adun kowane rukuni ko kowane yanki, kodayake sun bambanta kuma sunada babban kayan aikin K'abilan Biyetnam al’ada wacce aka inganta kuma aka gabatar da ita ga duniya.

   A halin yanzu ana daukar al'adar a matsayin tushe da makasudin cigaban kasa. Don haka hoton wani Kasar Vietnam of Kabilu 54 zai kasance yana ma'anar asalin ƙasa, haɓaka zamani da ci gaba.

KARA DUBA:
'  AL'UMMA na KUNGIYOYIN Kabila 54 a Vietnam - Sashe na 1.
'  54 THungiyar Gidaje a Vietnam- Gabatarwa.
Version Tsarin Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo):  CONG DONG 54 DAN TOC Vietnam - Phan 1.