FASAHA NA MUTANE SUNAYE - Kashi na 1: Ta yaya aka gano wannan takaddun takaddun kuma aka sa musu suna?

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(ANA KUDE DU PEUPLE ANNAMITE)
by HENRI OGER
Masanin Oriental na Faransa na Mutanen Annamese

Bayyanawa:  Yawancin fannoni na kayan, hankali da kuma rayuwar ruhaniya.
Wannan shine: da Bayanin Bayani na duka kayan kida, kayan kwalliya, kwarjini, fitarwa, kayan siliki, da kuma halaye of rai da kuma sana'a of da Mutanen Turanci-Annamese .

Mataimakin Farfesa, Likita na Tarihi MANH YUNGU NGUYEN
Sunan Nick: Doki jaka a ƙauyen jami'a
Sunan alkalami: irin ƙwaro

1.1 YADDA WANNAN LITTAFIN GAME DA SHAWARA DA SUNANSA?

      1.1.1 A cikin babban birnin Hanoi, tun daga shekarun 50 zuwa 60, sanannun shahararrun masu zane irin su Nguyễn Đỗ Cung, Trần Văn Cẩn da sauransu… kuma wasu matasa masu bincike sun fara mai da hankali ga katako da yawa, an cimma su zuwa farkon karni na XNUMX, wadanda suke cikin jerin takardu wadanda mutanen da aka ambata a baya suka fara gudanar da bincike na gaskiya da kuma yin nazari. Daga baya, Cibiyoyin bincike daban-daban kamar: Cibiyar Tarihi, Cibiyar Nazarin Fasaha, Cibiyar tattara kayan Encyclopaedias, Cibiyar Gabas ta Gabas da Asiya, da Sinanci da Sinanci da aka sake rubutawa a Vietnam, Cibiyar Harshe da sauransu etc duk sun shigo tuntuɓar saitin takaddun da aka ambata a sama.

     A tsohon garin Saigon, wataƙila a cikin shekarun 60, Cibiyar Nazarin Archaeological da masu bincike da yawa sun sani kuma sun yi ƙoƙari su koya game da asalin littattafan, musamman a cikin shekarun 70, lokacin da mutane suka ga bayyanar wasu katako na itace da aka ambata a sama ƙarƙashin taken na “K'abilan Biyetnam Itace Itace, a Farkon Gano na Ashirin Karnin nan. ” (1).

     1.1.2 A cikin Paris, a cikin Afrilu 1978, Nazarin Kimiyyar Zamani (Paris) sun buga wani labarin mai taken: "Art ta gargajiya ta hanyar 650 Sabuwa Woodcuts da aka dawo ” (2).

     Watanni biyu bayan haka, an shirya baje kolin a Gidan Al'adu na Garin Bourges (France) ɗauke da manyan haruffa babban taken: "Bazazzage masu fasahar Vietnam" (3).

     1.1.3 Bayan wannan labarin da wannan Baje kolin da yawa daga cikin mujallu na Vietnamese a ƙasashen waje sun ci gaba da gabatar da waɗancan katako, kuma mujallar Nazarin Fasaha a Hanoi ita ma ta sake buga labarin da aka ambata (fitowar A'a 4/78).

  A cikin 1985, mujallar Kwamitin Kwamitin Kasuwanci na Vietnamese "Encyclopaedic Ilimi ” sun gabatar da zane-zane 351 tare da babban take: "Encyclopedia a cikin Hotuna" - cirewa daga “Al'adar Vietnamese da Kayan aiki na kayan tarihi '' - Woodcuts ya fahimta da istsan wasa mara suna a farkon ƙarni na 20. (4).

     Kwanan nan, akan Bayanai na Lokacin bazara a cikin shekara “Mậu Thìn” (Shekarar macijin), da “Ệt Việt” (Mujallar Vietnamese Land of Association of Vietnamese da ke zaune a Kanada ta yi amfani da 8 daga waɗancan katako don nuna labarinta game da Tết tare da bayanin: "Sabon tattara katako na karni na 20 ”, kuma a yanzu haka, wasu adadin mujallu kuma suna ba da hankali ga waɗancan katako kuma suna ƙoƙarin amfanuwa da su.

     Bayan wannan, mun ga katako guda biyu da ke nuna bauna a cikin kowane ɗayansu, waɗanda aka zaba daga waɗancan takaddun kuma aka buga su a cikin mujallar don zama zane-zane don labarin mai taken: "The marasa fasahar buffalo cikin zane-zane da zane-zane ” (5).

     Mafi cancantar kulawa, sahiban littattafai ne da ke gabatar da al'adun ƙasarmu (6) wanda a ciki aka zana misalai 26 daga cikin 30 bayan wanda aka sa su cikin wannan saitin takaddun.

     1.1.4  Na farko, mun lura cewa, kodayake an gabatar da wannan saitin takardu a lokuta da dama kuma karkashin tsari daban-daban, amma ba a taba gabatar da shi gaba daya da daidaituwa ba. Saboda haka, wannan gaskiyar yanzu tana haifar da tambayoyi da yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar wasu amsoshi:

     a. Shin gaskiya ne cewa bayan faɗuwa don ɓata lokaci na sama da rabin karni, makomar wata babbar taskar al'adun gargajiyar jama'ar Vietnamese "ta fara ɓacewa - a madadin ɓacewa da sake bayyana - tare da kwararar al'amuran" da Hanoi (a cikin shekaru 50) zuwa Saigon (bayan 1954) sannan kuma “ya sake ɓacewa cikin wani sararin nesa wanda ba a san shi ba” ()Paris-bayan 1975)?

     b. Shin daidai ne cewa katako a cikin wannan saitin takaddun mallakar sabon layi ne na zane-zanen jama'a - ya bambanta da sanannen ƙauyen ồông Hồ ko titin Hàng Trống - ko kuma waɗannan katako ne. "wani nau'in fasaha"Ko"wani nau'in bincike na kimiyya”Har yanzu ba a sani ba?

     Wataƙila, a cikin ƙarshen wannan ƙaramin littafin gabatarwar, bai kamata mu shiga cikin dukkan bangarorin waɗannan katakan nan ba kuma ya kamata kawai "bayyana su daidai yadda suke", Don guje wa ba da kyauta"m dabi'u”Kuma ba da gangan ba“cutar da kimiyarsu ta kimiya"

_______
(1) NGUYỄN KHẮC NGỮ - “K'abilan Biyetnam Itace zuwa farkon 20 na karni ” - Expounder Magazine - daga fitowar No.1 zuwa 10 a cikin 1970.

(2) PHẠM NGỌC TUẤN - Gargaɗin Gargajiya ta hanyar 650 Woodcuts da aka dawo dasu - Nazarin Kimiyyar Zamani, Paris, fitowar Lamba 4/78.

(3) PHẠM NGỌC TUẤN - Manyan fenti na Vietnam - Nunawa a Gidan Al'adu na garin Bourges (France) daga 10 ga Yuni, 1978 zuwa 30 ga Yulin, 1978, wanda ofungiyar Vietnamese da ke zaune a Faransa ta shirya, suna aiki tare tare da Gidan Tarihi na Mutum.

(4) A cikin lambobi na 3, 4, da 5, 1985 da fitowar No1, Oktoba 1985 (rarrabe dabam).

(5) NGUYỄN QUÂN - Bauna maras ma'ana cikin zane-zane da sassaka - Mujallar Adabi ta Vietnam - fitowar Tết Ất Sửu (Shekarar Buffalo) (1985), p.12.

(6) NGUYỄN THỤ - Kwatancen littattafan waƙoƙi da waƙoƙin mutanen Vietnam - Fadar Al'adu ta Nationalasa (kundi 4) wanda NGUYỄN TẤN LONG da PHAN CANH suka tattara, wanda kamfanin bugawa na Sống Mới ya buga shi a cikin 1971 a Saigon.

An Yi rajista a matsayin Sashin Nazarin Ilimin Kimiyya kuma a hukumance aka sanya Jama'a

     1.2.1  A watan Afrilu 1984, mun yi rijistar wannan takaddun a hukumance azaman batun binciken kimiyya (1), a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Sashen ilimin kere-kere na Jami'ar HoChiMinh City kuma tare da taimakon Artsungiyar Al'adun Gargajiya da ta Pungiyar istswararrun istswararrun Filayen Filatiya.

     Mun gabatar da wannan takaddun takardu kuma munyi kokarin fayyace al'amura a cikin wani taron karawa juna sani da aka shirya a Hanoi a ranar 13 ga Yuli, 1985.

     1a. Farfesoshin BÙI KHÁNH THẾ (Farfesa Doctor a ilimin harshe), CHU XUÂN DIỄN (Farfesa na adabin adabin mutane), TAFIYA (Mataimakin-Shugaban Sashin ilimin Philology) a jami’ar Hanoi) sun shiryar da mu ga hanyar da dole ne a yi amfani da ita don gabatar da wannan takaddun takaddun.

     1b. ANNAN. ĐẶNG ĐỨC (mai bincike kan Sinanci da Vietnamese da aka fassara-Vietnamese), Trần Mai da Hồ Nam, (masu binciken al'adu) sun taimaka mana tare da fadakarwa.

  1c. Farfesa Farfesa NHO MAI (Farfesa a fannin adabi), LÊ ĐÌNH KỴ (Farfesa na Hujjar Rubutu) DANGASKIYA ĐẠM (Farfesa na Malami), NGUYỄN LỘC (Farfesa na Malami), TAFIYA (Likita a cikin Falsafa), LÊ VĂN HẢO (Farfesa Farfesa a fannin ilimin tattalin arziki) sun karanta kuma sun bada shawarwari masu nasaba da rubutun.

     1d. Saƙonni VÕ SĨ KHẢI (Archaeology mai bincike), NGUYỄN NGƆC BÁCH (MS), DA KYAUTA KYAUTA (Malami Turanci) sun gyara tsohuwar fassarar, kuma wannan sabon fassarar da aka gyara da kuma minti na ƙarshe na ƙarshe sun sami nasara ta Mr. VŨ ANH TUẤN (Mai Fassarawa)

     Daga baya, mun ci gaba da gabatar da shi a wasu wurare daban-daban (2) har ma ga Vietnamese da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje idan suka dawo don su koma ƙasarsu.

(2) a.  A Hanoi, an gabatar da wannan jerin takaddun a wurare masu zuwa:

    Cibiyar Hán-Nôm, Cibiyar Harshe, Ma'aikatar Vietnamese a Jami'ar Hanoi.

     b. A cikin HoChiMinh City: Kwamitin Kimiyyar Zamani na HoChiMinh City, Associationungiyar Intwararrun riowararrun riowararrun ,wararru, Medicineungiyar Magunguna, Historyungiyar Tarihi, Zauren Tunawa da Matan Kudancin, Gidan Youthab'in Matasa, Dindindin wakilcin Cibiyar Al'adu, Taro na 4 na Harsunan Gabas na Socialungiyoyin gurguzu, waɗanda aka shirya a ranar Nuwamba 22,1986 a cikin jami'ar HoChiMinh.

     1.2.2  Labarai game da wannan sahiban takardu an aiwatar dasu a jaridu da mujallu daban-daban (1) kuma kwararru da yawa sun kimanta ta a fannoni da yawa:

     a. Littafin tarihi a cikin hotuna, kodayake bai cika ba, yana da matukar mahimmanci ta hanyar ikon yin tunani da abubuwan gaske da kuma nuna bangarori daban-daban na rayuwar al'ummarmu a wancan lokacin. Wannan saitin katako shima yana ba da gudummawa mara ƙima ga "Mu na taskar zane-zanen gargajiya "Fig.1)

     Dangane da HOÀNG THAO - Asalin tarin katako –Jaridar Jama'a 20 ga Yuli, 1985.

Hoto 1: BUFFALO-HERD (wanda aka fitar dashi daga zane da aka sanya daga terracotta)

b.  Kyakkyawan, mai daɗi, da katako mai katako mai dangantaka da sanannun zane-zane na ƙauyen Đông Hồ da titin Hàng Trống. (Fig.2)

     A cikin shekarun 50, sanannun masu zane, Nguyễn Đỗ Cung da Trần Văn Cẩn sun ga wannan katako na katako a Hanoi, kuma kwanan nan, mai binciken Nguyễn Mạnh Hùng ya bayyanawa jama'a asalin kwafin da ke garin HoChiMinh.

     PV Sama da zane-zanen katako na mutum 4000 zuwa farkon karni na 20 yanzu an gano su - Sojojin Jama'a, 20 ga Yuli, 1985.

Misalai 2: TAFIYA suna wasa da rana (Zane-zane na Vietnamese)

     c. Game da wannan zane na zane-zanen katako na mutane masu darajar gaske, Farfesa- Masanin Ilimin Kwarewa Trần Văn Cẩn, Shugaban Associationungiyar ofungiyar Fasahar Fasahar Fasaha ta Vietnam ya kimanta:

   “Wannan saitin zane-zanen katako na mutane yana da quite high m darajar. Mawakan zamanin da sau sunyi zane-zanen waɗannan zane-zanen rayuwa tare da haqiqa gwanintar maestro. Kallon wadannan zane-zane a yau, muna jin kamar sake ganowa kanmu (Fig.3). Yin la'akari da filastik kawai kusurwar fasaha, wannan tarin zane-zane mai zane Ya bamu damar amfani da darussan ".

     PV Wani tarin zane na zane-zanen mutane - Newsweek Yuli, “20, 1985.

Fitowa 3: TAFIYA A CIKIN MUTANE
(horo ga dalibi wanda ya rubuta kuskuren halayyar Sinawa)

d.  Farfesa na Tarihi Phan Huy Lê yayi jawabi:

     “Wannan tarin tarin hotunan zane ne dangane da yanayin rayuwar mutanenmu a abin da ya gabata, da tafiya daga dukkan bangarorin zamantakewa ayyukan zuwa fannoni daban-daban na ɗabi'a da rayuwar al'adu. Fiye da katako guda 4000 dokoki ne mai kyau, yaduwa, kuma musamman daftarin aiki wanda yake bamu izinin koya al'adu, halaye, da imani na mutanenmu a cikin wani zamanin tarihi ”. (Siffa 4)

     PV Wani tarin zane na zane-zane na mutane - Newsweek Yuli 20, 1985.

Siffa 4: TALISMAN
(don kawar da mugayen ruhohi, don warkar da cututtuka, kiyaye gidan mutum cikin salama)

     e.“Dukan tarin sun ƙunshi ƙari fiye da zane-zanen katako guda 4000, namu masu zane-zane a da, zane-zane, da bugu a cikin shekarun 1908-1909 a Hanoi. Dukkanin zane-zane yana da cikakken labarin almara a cikin Sinanci da Sinanci sun fassara Vietnamese, suna bayani abin da ke ciki wanda ya ƙunshi ayyuka iri-iri irin wannan a matsayin samarwa, kiwo (Fig.5), bukukuwan, halaye, nishaɗar mutanenmu a fara wannan karni ”.

     Gabatar da tarin zane-zanen mutane a farkon karni na 20 - New Hanoi, 20 ga Yuli, 1985.

Misalai 5: YADDA ZA A SAMI A BUFFALO

     f. “Sama da zane-zanen mutane 4000 da suka yi kama tarin tarihi a hotuna, yana nuna namu yanayin rayuwar mutane a da, kuma tafi daga rassa daban-daban da ƙwarewar a cikin al'adunmu na gargajiya zuwa ayyukan ruhaniya da na zahiri (Fig.6), wanda masu fasahar wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya sun yi nasara sosai hanya mai hankali da kuma damar ".

     Taron Karawa Juna Ilimin kimiyya a yayin tattara zane-zanen mutane sama da 4000 da aka gabatar ga jama'a - Saigon mai 'yanci yau da kullun, 17 ga Yuli, 1985.

Hoto 6: AARIN CIKIN SAUKI Rice

     g. “Amma, wataƙila mafi kyawun abu shine darajar saitin takardu a cikin hotuna, tare da bayani a cikin Sinanci da Chines da aka sake fassarawa Vietnamese (Fig.7) (2), wannan ya yi daidai da yadda ya dace da ayyukan manyan ɗimbin mutanenmu a cikin karni na ƙarshe.

    Tsare tsohuwar gado na al'adun ƙasar aiki ne na wannan matashi, saboda har yanzu suna da sauran lokaci a gabansu don yin nazarin al'adun ƙasa a zamanin da ”.
HUỲNNH DŨNG NHÂN - Matasa na Lahadi, fitowa Lambar 24/85, 25 ga Agusta, 1985.

Misalai 7: KUDIN MONKEY DA HERBSINAL HERBS
(a shekarar Biri - 1908 - mutum yana amfani da ganyen magani don sanya biri kuma ya ajiye shi a cikin gida. Daga baya, ana iya amfani da waɗannan ganye don warkar da cututtuka)

     h. “Wataƙila wannan ma'ana ce gabatarwar ga fannonin karatu da dama kamar: adabin adabi, adabi da ilimin zamantakewa (Fig.8). Haka kuma, wannan tarin wanda ya kunshi fiye da zane-zanen 4000 suma suna nuna asali darajar kayan aikin filastik na wancan zamanin.

     HỒ KIM - Game da tarin zane-zanen mutane sama da 4000 a farkon ƙarni na 20 - Roman Katolika na Vietnamese, fitowar No. 32, Yuni 11, 1985.

Misalai 8: RARIYA (Terracotta)

     i. ... “Da karfin gwiwa da Masanin hadin gwiwar kimiyya Hùng yana da ya nuna min duk takaddun sa, kuma sanar da ni nasa nasarorin da yawa  shekarun bincike da karatu; shi ma ya sake ni san matsalolin da har yanzu suke ba wanda ya hargitsa, haka kuma ya jefa batun kwayoyin halitta da tsammani cikin kwanaki masu zuwa. Godiya ga ikonsa na dindindin da aikinsa mai ƙarfin gaske, yanzu ya sami damar fahimta da karin bayani fiye da zane-zanen 4000 tare da tatsuniyoyi a cikin Sinawa Vietnam; kuma musamman ga gano ainihin jakadun da Hesi ya bari Yaren Hưng - Hải Hưng shine asalin ƙasar na masu zane-zane. Koyaya, kamar yadda wasu zane-zane suke ɗauka enigmatic abinda ke ciki, dole ne ya tuntuɓi mutane da yawa furofesoshi, da tsofaffi da ke zuwa daga Arewa Vietnam don samun ikon amsa daidai ” (Fig.9).

      ĐẶNG ĐỨC, - Văn Nghệ (Mujallar Magana), fitowar Lamba 5-6, 1 ga Fabrairu, 1986 - Sabuwar Shekarar Lunar Bính Dần (Shekarar da damisa) 1986.

Misalai 9: INARIN BAYAN KYAUTA ZUWA CIKIN KWARINSA KAFIN AIKINSA

     j. “Wadannan zane-zanen, wadanda aka zana su zuwa fara karni na 20, sun kasance cimma tare da haƙiƙa babban fasaha, kuma suna da ya nuna rayuwar Vietnamese a wancan lokacin. Da yawa daga cikinsu suna da babban binciken kimiyya dabi'u, musamman game da adabi. " (Siffa 10).

     (4000 aka tattara zane-zanen mutane - Vietnam Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai Hanoi - VNA - Yuli 16).

Hoto 10: CIKIN SAUKI KYAUTA
(Ofaya daga cikin bukukuwan shida na bikin aure, bawa yana ɗaukar tire na betel
kuma areca a kansa, ango tare da laima, surukai
tare da ita babban hat-hat hat)

     k. ”Kungiyoyin al'adu daban-daban sun kafa rukunin masu binciken da ke kula da tantance tushen wadannan zane-zane, da neman tsarin karatun masu zane. Hopesaya yana fatan cewa za'a iya samo kwafin na asali kuma an buga shi cikin fasasai da yawa ”.

     Kyakkyawan tarin - Courrier of Vietnam - Satumba 1985.

     l. … ”Ana buƙatar ƙarin lokaci don yin shirye-shiryen da suka wajaba saboda wallafa wannan tarin Vietnamungiyar Vietnamese Folk Zane-zane a farkon karni na 20, saboda wannan gado ne mai daraja a cikin mawadatan kasarmu taskar al'adu, kuma saboda wannan Bugawa an yi shi ne don adana shi da kuma fadada gabatar da kayan aikin filastik na Vietnamese zuwa namu mutane a cikin gida da kasashen waje " (3)

"Fuskokin ƙafafun mutum cikin ruwa,
kuma jefa tarun tarhon don kama dubun dubbai na babban kifi... "

      “Abubuwan da ke cikin tarin wannan zane-zanen sun shafi fannoni daban-daban na rayuwa a cikin al'umman Vietnamese na gargajiya (Fig.11), ba a iyakance shi a cikin fagen fasaha ba.

Misalai 11: RAaukar Keɓaɓɓen Kifi

     Wannan shi ne nau'in raga da aka yi da katako, wanda aka yi da zaren lilin mai girma dabam dabam daga mita 1.5 zuwa 2, kuma yana da dogayen sanda uku ko hudu, ana amfani da shi wajen kamun kifi da shrimps a ruwa mai zurfi, ba zurfin zurfin mutum ba. tsayi (kogi, canal, kandami, lake…); mai jawowa yakan sanya kwandon a bel ɗinsa don ya kama kifin da ciyawar da aka kama. Akwai irin wannan babban raga, wanda ake kira raft-net, wanda aka girka a wani yanki na kogi tsakanin wasu hanyoyin samun ruwa guda biyu wanda kuma yake da bukka don mutane su zauna a ciki kuma su kalla a wurin. Amma, akwai kuma wani nau'I na kwalliya mai jujjuyawa, wanda mai jan shi yana da kwando a kugu, da wani nau'in ƙaramin raga don kama shrimp wanda ƙaramin yanki ne kawai.

     Daga cikin zane-zane sama da 4000, zamu iya ganin kusan 1000 daga cikinsu suna lura da yanayi, waɗanda aka zana su da fasaha mai sauƙin fahimta da nuna abubuwa masu sauƙi kamar tsani, fitila (Fig.12) turmi, pestle, zarto da makamantansu… Akwai wayayyun da suke da filastik mai girma darajar fasaha, mai arziki a masana'antar filastik siffofin cewa Zai wadatar da masu bincike da tamani takardu a bangaren gani. ”.

     MAI TRANG -… 4000 zane-zanen jama'a a farkon wannan karnin - Nazarin Addini, Satumba, 1985.

Hoto 12: FITAR MAI

     m. “Saboda abin da ake bukata na misalai mai cikakken nufin, ko don gani lura da wani fannin rayuwa, wasu daga waɗannan bayanan zane-zane, yana nuna irin waɗannan abubuwan kamar yadda rashin ƙarfi (Fig.13), fensir (Siffa 14), yin fitsari ko bara ko sauransu… har yanzu ya rage kyawawan dabi'u… ”

      ĐẶNG ĐỨC - tarin zane-zanen katako na mutane a farkon karni na 20, wanda aka gani daga kusurwa ta filastik -Folk Al'adu, fitowar lamba 3/1986.

Misalai 13: KYAUTA (an sare kansa kamar yadda aka sare)

      Koma bayan haka, babu wani manomi wanda baya tunanin kiwo aladu don samo ciyawar sa ta filin noman shinkafa. Idan ba talaka ba kuma cikin mawuyacin hali, dole ne mutum ya sami ɗan ƙyallen ƙwaya da aka yi da katako, kuma aka rufe shi da ganye, kowane gefenta kusan 2 ko 3 tsayi (kamar hoton da aka nuna akan sa wannan zane). Mutanen da ke cikin kyakkyawan yanayin kuɗi za su adana wani yanki da za a yi amfani da shi azaman alade. A wasu wurare, mutane suna yin aladun tare da kogin kwalliya, ko sanya shi kusa da ɗakin girki, suna yin bangon ƙasa da gyaran ginshiƙai kewaye da shi, suna kiran shi. "Chém" (alade a cikin K'abilan Biyetnam), don hana aladu daga wahalar da gida. Amma ga masu hannu da shuni, za su gina aladun da tubalin. A cikin aladen aladun, mutane suna sanya kwanshin, ciyawa, ciyawa don aladu su kwanta, su yi fitsari, kuma su yi fitsari. Lokacin da dung ya zama mara daɗi, zasu sake sanya wani ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙyari, bambaro da ciyawa don yin ramin taki. Wannan shi ne wurin da ake amfani da shi don tarawa da rufe dung da ake kira rami-dung, wani irin babban taki ne da ake amfani da shi a filayen, yayin da mutane a yankin da ke tsakiyar ruwa ko tsaunuka, suna amfani da takin kore kawai kamar yadda a wuraren da aka ba da aladu yawo

Hoto 14: TAMBAYA

     n. Tare da yau cika kimiyya da ci gaban fasaha, ba ma kawai muke da su ba encyclopaedias da aka buga, amma kuma muna da sauran irin su encyclopaedia a cikin hotuna, sauti, da sauran su, Encyclopaedia mai hango nesa-yanki da kimiyyar lissafi na kwamfuta. Anan, muna ma'amala da bayanin Encyclopedia na Vietnamese a Hotunan da suka bayyana a farkon wannan karni… ”.

     LÊ VĂN HẢO - Aikin al'adu wanda ba safai kuma yake da daraja ba a cikin taskokin al'adun Vietnam: zane-zanen katako na mutane 4577 a cikin Vietnam Encyclopaedia a cikin Hotunan masu fasahar Vietnamese a farkon karni na 20 - Saigon mai sassauci, batutuwan 16 da 17 na Yuli, 1987.

     o. “A rayuwar al'adu da fasaha a cikin wadannan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, akwai wata hujja da ta jawo hankali hankalin mutane da yawa, musamman waɗancan a duniyar fasaha, reshen al'adun gargajiya da wasunsu sauran rassan kimiyyar zamantakewa: wasu al'adu, zane-zane, da kungiyoyin kimiyyar zamantakewa suna da yi aiki don sa jama'a su zama babban adadin tarin na zane-zanen itace wanda aka zana a wurin farkon wannan karni… "

     QUỐC ANH - Sake dawo da ƙimar saitin zane-zanen katako waɗanda aka zana a farkon karni na ashirin - Nazarin Al'adu da Al'adu - Ma'aikatar Al'adu - Batu na 2/1988 (shafi na 48).

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(1) Kamar su, Vietnam Press Review, Jaridar Jama'a, Jaridar Sojojin Mutane, New Hanoi, Saigon mai 'Yanci, Binciken Addini, Newsweek, Katolika Roman Katolika, "Le Courrier du Vietnam" (a Faransanci), Fim din Matasa, Dandalin karatu (fitowar Tết Binh Dần 1986), Ilimin Yau, fitowar No 2/88…

(2) Biri an sanya shi da ganyayyaki masu magani kuma an yi bayanin shi tare da layin haruffan Sinanci waɗanda ke karanta cewa: “A ranar Đoan Dương Tết (ranar biyar ga watan biyar na watan), mutane suna amfani da ganyen safran don yin halayyar dabba, gwargwadon shekarar da aka wakilta ta hanyar ko irin wannan dabba ”. Shekarar Mậu Thân (1908) ya zama shekarar dodo. don haka sai suka sanya kayan tarihin birrai suka kira shi "Hầu tử", sannan suka rataye shi a saman babbar kofar don kauda masifa. Daga baya, idan wani a cikin iyali ya kamu da rashin ciwon, mutane za su ɗibi ganyen safran daga wannan ƙwayar cuta don yin magani.

(3) A yayin taron karawa juna sani, Shugaban Kwamitin Tsakiya na Vietnamese United Association of Literature and Arts - mawaƙi CÙ HUY CẬN - wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa ga zanen mutane mai taken "Dip net igbega" (Fig.11) ya hada ayoyin da muka ambata a sama guda biyu.

KARA DUBA:
'  FASAHA NA MUTANEN SUNA - Gabatar da saitin takardu - Kashi na 2

BAN TU THU
12 / 2019