SAURARON MUTANE ANNAMESE - Part 4: Rashin girmama asalin rubutun

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Mataimakin Farfesa, Likita na Tarihi NGUYEN MANH HUNG
Sunan Nick: doki jaka a ƙauyen jami'a
Sunan alkalami: irin ƙwaro

4.1 Gabatarwa na baya

4.1.1 Fmai kyau don girmama ainihin rubutun

     a. A shafukan farko da suka danganci asalin wannan aikin, mun yi tsokaci game da wurare da ɗabi'u daban-daban da suka shiga kuma mun gabatar da takaddun abubuwan da aka ambata a sama ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Gabaɗaya, zamu iya taƙaita kamar haka:

     Wataƙila Pierre Huard shine mutum na farko da ya fara ba da labari game da rayuwa da aikin marubucin akan Bulletin de l'École Française d'Extrême-Orient (Bulletin na Makarantar Faransa ta gabas) kamar yadda muka sani (1). Daga baya, lokacin da ya haɗu da Maurice Durand don rubuta littafin mai taken "Ilimin Vietnam" (2) Pierre Huard ya ambata a littafin nasa na Henri Oger mai taken: "Gabatarwa Gabaɗaya ga Nazarin Dabarun Dandalin mutanen Annamese" (3).

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(1) Pierre Huard - Majagaba a cikin fasahar Vietnam. T.LWII BEFEO 1970, shafuffuka na 215-217.

(2) Pierre Huard da Maurice Durand - Ilimin Vietnam - lecole Française d'Extrême-Orient, Hanoi, 1954.

 (3) Henri Oger - Gabatarwa Gabaɗaya Kan Nazarin Kayan Fasaha na jama'ar Annamese; Labari game da rayuwar duniya, zane-zane da masana'antar mutanen Annam, Paris, Geuthner, 1908

     Koyaya, P.Huard baiyi amfani da zane-zane na H. Oger don bayyana nasa ba aiki (Mun ambata a sarari wannan batun a babinmu na baya).

     b. Idan aka gwada zane-zane da wanda aka gabatar tare da wadanda a cikin rubutun asali, zamu iya ganin cewa farkon masu gabatar da bayanan sun ɓoye sashin ilimin yare, wanda yawancin masu bincike suka ɗauka a matsayin ainihin “Shimfida ta biyu” kowane ɗayan zane. Kafin bincike game da wannan “Layout na biyu” bari mu kalli hanyoyin da aka gabatar da wannan aikin kwanakin baya.

     1. Akwai zane-zanen hoto wanda, an cire wani sashi na zane, kamar batun zane mai taken "Dillali dabbõbi" (fig.95) fallasa a Gidan Al'adu a Bourges (Paris) daga watan Yuni 10, 78 zuwa Yuli 5, 1978, zamu ga cewa asalin wanda yake da injin buffalo (duba adadi 132), cewa ya kamata a ambata.

Fig.95: DALILAI NA CATTLE (bayan Phạm Ngọc Tuấn, nuni a Paris, 1978)

     Ilimin Encyclopedic wanda ke cikin Cibiyar Kwafin Kundin Asirin Encyclopedic, lokacin gabatar da “tufafin bikin ” Ya yanke dokin katako (fig.96). Duk da cewa ainihin zane-zanen na yau da kullun ba shi da wata sanarwa a cikin harshen Sinanci da Furannin da aka fassara a cikin Vietnamese, H.Oger ya ba da bayani a cikin Faransanci: “Mutum-mutumi na doki na katako an zana shi a cikin tsarin fasaha” (fig. 97).

Fig.96: CIKIN SAUKI (Doki na katako ya tsallake)

Fig.97: ULYA SAMUN WATA MATA A CIKIN CIKIN RELabi'a

     2. Akwai wasu hotuna kuma waɗanda aka zana zane, maimakon a yanke su, an haɗa su da wani zane kamar su na wanda yake yin cikakken bayanin “sojojin yore"(fig.98) ta Nguyễn Thụ don nuna aikin da ake kira Vietnam Mashahurin Waƙoƙi da Waƙoƙi - fadar al'adun ƙasa (littafi na 4, tsakanin shafi na 346 da 347).

Fig.98: MULKIN NA YAYA (by Nguyễn Thu)

     Abubuwan almara na asali sune suke nuna “mai harquebusier ”(fig. 99) da “soja"(fig.100).

Fig.99: HARQUEBUSIER(zane ta hanyar zane)

Fig.100: SOJOJI(zane ta hanyar zane)

     Dangane da dokokin soja karkashin daular Nguyen, sojoji sun kasu kashi biyu: “lính cơ"(mai tsaron mandarinal) da “lính vệ"(mai gadi). An zaɓi masu tsaron daga Nghệ An zuwa Bình Thuận kuma an girke su a Huế. A yayin rikicin tsakanin Faransa da mu, kotun Huế ta aika wa masu gadin 8000 na Arewa, an sanya su a karkashin umurnin Kinh Lược (babban jami'in kula da kwanciyar hankali).

     Amma game da masu tsaron Mandarin, an zana su a Arewa kuma suna lura da lardunan a Arewa. A karkashin dunkulalliyar Faransa, “madadinal” sun maye gurbinsu da “khố xanh"(mayaƙa a ƙarƙashin mulkin mallakar Faransa suna sanye da shudi shudi), kuma an sanya wani sashi kaɗan na su a ƙarƙashin umarnin gwamnonin larduna.

     3. Wasu daga cikinsu ba a haɗa su ko raba su ba, amma suna da fasali waɗanda aka canza. A “monochord ”(tsakanin shafukan 128 da 129), wanda aka nuna a cikin hoton zane “Shagali”fig. 101) by Nguyễn Thụ, an saukar da zaren yayin da a cikin zane na asali, mai zane ya zana shi daban (duba fig. 156).

Fig.101: CIGABA (ƙungiyar gargajiyar gargajiya, ta Nguyễn Thụ)

     Minan wasan makafi a kasuwanni da aka yi wasa da monochord don samun abin rayuwa. Wannan yawanci nau'in kayan kiɗan Vietnamese ne wanda ke da kirtani ɗaya kawai, kuma shine dalilin da yasa ake kiranta monochord. A mafi yawan lokuta ana kunna dutsen ne kawai, saboda yana da matukar wahala a daidaita shi da sauran nau'ikan kida kamar “Đàn cò” (biyu kirtani a ciki tare da sauti-akwatin dimbin yawa kamar bututu bututu), ko "Kìàn labarinm" (dogon guitar guitar tare da kirtani hudu ko biyar). A kan hoton, za mu ɗauka a hankali a kan zaren, da muke ɗaure a ƙarshen ƙaramin, wanda ya bambanta da irin tafin da muke gani a yau.Kasancewa budurwa, wanda bai isa ya saurari wannan adalin ba ) kamar yadda monochord ana ɗauka azaman kayan kiɗan mara kyau ne, musamman idan an yi wasa a cikin daren mai natsuwa.

     Bari mu kalli ainihin hoton da yake ɗaukar bayanin H.Oger: "Band makunnun masu kunna kida" (fig.102). Ilimin Encyclopedic ya cancanci hakan kamar haka: “Shagali”

Fig.102: KYAUTAR MUSULMI (kwafin farko)

     4. Amma, akwai wasu hotuna masu zane wanda Nguyễn Thread ba wai kawai an haɗa wasu lambobi ba amma har ilayau ya zana ƙarin lambobi kamar su mai taken:

 “Yawo a wata takarda” da kuma annotated as “Yin wasa kare-chew chess” (fig. 103).

Fig.103: FATI MAI KYAUTA KYAUTA DA KYAUTAR JAGORANCIN CIGABA (by Nguyễn Thu)

     Idan aka kwatanta shi da ainihin hoton zane, zamu ga an zana hoton adon da ƙari a kan zane na Nguyễn Thụ. Oneayan na asali yana ɗaukar kalmomin Vietnamese 4 da aka rubuta a cikin Vietnamese: “Đánh cờ chân chó” (wasa wasa da kare-chew) (fig.104).

Fig.104: Wasa DOG-PAW CHESS

     Wani hoton zane na asali wanda yake dauke da taken:Tabar wiwi"(fig.105) tare da bayani mai zuwa cikin Sinanci:

"Kamar yadda iska mai ƙarfi ta Kudu ke yawan busawa a cikin kwanakin zafi mai zafi, yara sukan yi wannan abin wasa, ana kiranta toad-kite suna jira iska ta tashi ta".

Hoto 105: TOAD-KITE (tare da bayanin kula a cikin Sinanci: Kamar yadda iska mai ƙarfi ta Kudu ke yawan busawa a kwanakin zafi mai zafi, yara sukan yi wannan abin wasa, wanda ake kira toad-kite, suna jira iska ta tashi)

4.1.2 Eruto karkatar da ma'anar

Hanyar da aka ambata a sama ta amfani da aikin ya haifar da kurakurai waɗanda ke karkatar da ainihin ma'anar kamar haka:

     a. Mafi cancanta da hankali shine hoton da mai zane Nguyễn Thread ya yanke wasu bayanai kuma ya sake masa suna gwargwadon ra'ayin sa. Ya yi suna "Dabbobin alade" da, aka nuna anan (tsakanin shafuka 80 da 81), yana ba mu fahimtar yanayin "Kasuwa a rufe" 'yan kasuwa sun yi fatali da su a waccan lokacin (?) (Ba)fig.106).  Amma, a zahiri bayanin asalin zane ne "Coolies neman aiki" (fig.107). Wataƙila an yi wannan kuskuren saboda flails waɗannan mutane suna riƙe da kamar da "alade kamawa noose" mun gani a ciki siffa.41.

Fig.106: PIGS SAMA (by Nguyễn Thu)

Fig.107: DUK neman aikin (Zane ta hanyar zane)

     b. Hakazalika, Encyclopedic Ilmi mai suna daya zane: “Zaren sake sarrafa injin”fig.120), yayin da ainihin bayanin zane yake annotated:

     “Kayan kwalliya”. Wata hanyar zane ana kiranta da Encyclopedic Ilimi kamar yadda "Mayafin Rickshawman", yayin bayanin ainihin hoton an bayyana shi da kalmomin 5 na kasar Sin wadanda aka rubuta rubuce-rubucen Vietnamese wadanda suka karanta: "Rickshawman ya canza wando" (fig.177). Akwai kuma wani zane wanda zai iya yarda kai tsaye tare da mai bayarwa wanda ya cancanci hakan a matsayin: "Ƙarfin saurayi" (fig.128). Amma, mawakin baiyi tunanin haka ba kuma a ainihin hoton hoton, ya rubuta wasu kalmomin Vietnam guda uku wadanda aka rubuta sunayen Vietnamese: “Mutum yana komawa cikin mayafinsa”, yayin Oger ya ba da bayani a cikin Faransanci: “Hanyar suturar ma’aikata”.  Muna iya faɗi wani lamba ko makamancin haka…

(Ziyarci 3,242 sau, 1 ziyara a yau)