Gabatarwar Nr. 1: VIETNAM a zamanin da - GABATARWA
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HUNG NGEYEN MANH1
Doctor of Phylosophie a Tarihi
Ta farkon karni na XX, masana kimiyyar kere-kere da kere-kere sun fara bunkasa - musamman fitina a fagen al'adu da yawon bude ido ya haifar da bukatar musayar al'adu tsakanin al'adu daban-daban ta hanyar katunan gaisuwa.
In 1882, mutum ya ƙirƙira ɗaukar hoto, kuma a cikin 1886 an buga batutuwan kai tsaye akan takarda ta hanyar sabbin dabarun bugawa. Katinan gidan waya da suka rayu a wannan lokacin sun shawo kan dukkan nisan wuri kuma sun cika bukatun jama'a da na duniya. Kamar dai duk irin wannan nisan an rage godiya ga hotunan da aka buga akan katunan gidan waya.
One na iya cewa - a farkon karni na XX, katunan gajiyayyu suna ta bunkasa kamar zazzabi, a da yawa Indochinese ƙasashe gaba ɗaya, kuma a cikin Vietnam musamman.
Tya tashi a hannun DE THAM2 na iya kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin manyan batutuwan da aka yi amfani da su a farko Vietnam. Yanzu haka muna da wannan tarin katunan-kati a ajiyar mu. Ginshiƙan da Faransawa suka gina kamar: Yin amfani da kwal a Hong Gai3, masana'antar siminti a Hai Phong4, baƙin ƙarfe gadoji Doumer5 (Dogon ruwa) da kuma Trang Tien (cikin Hue)6, da Hai Phong da kuma Saigon wharves, gonakin a cikin Yammacin tsaunuka7, da kuma sauran abubuwan tarihi masu yawa a ciki Annam8 da kuma Cochinchina9 (Tsakiya da Kudancin Vietnam), kuma a cikin Yankuna shida10 in Cochinchina, da sauransu… Musamman hotunan da suke lura da nuna su Hanyar Mandarin11 (la hanya mandarine) koyaushe shine batun na musamman wanda ke jan hankalin masu ɗaukar hoto.
Tkatunan gaisuwa sun bar abubuwa daban-daban na al'adu kamar su: shimfidar tituna, kauyuka da kauyuka a cikin North, da Cibiyar da South (Tonkin, Anna da kuma Cochinchina), bukukuwan, shafukan kasuwa da abubuwan gine-gine a manyan birane kamar Hanoi, Haiphong, Hue, Danang, Saigon… Da kuma hotunan sarakunan Daular Nguyen12 kamar: DUY TAN13, THAH THAI14, HAM NGHI15 hakan kuma ya zama tushen wahayi ga masu ɗaukar hoto waɗanda suka yi amfani da waɗannan fasalulluka don ƙirƙirar katunan katunan hoto waɗanda aka aika ko'ina cikin duniya. Dangane da wannan gaskiyar, masu sukarmu game da floklore sun yi la'akari da irin waɗannan hotunan kamar yadda ake amfani da su don yin amfani da dandano mai ɗanɗano, kan yin tsokaci game da rawar da turawan Faransa ke takawa a cikin Vietnam.
TTarihin akwatinan gidan waya ya kuma lura cewa sai da shekarun farko na karni na XX ne aka fara samun katunan gidan waya na farko, tare da hotunan da aka buga da bugun su. K'abilan Biyetnam, sun fara bayyana a Vietnam, kuma irin wadanda ake dasu katunan akwatinan rubutu 20 wadanda suka nuna jana'izar PHAN CHAU TRINH16 in Saigon. A zamanin yau katunan gidan waya na daɗa taimaka mana don fahimtar da ɗaukar tarihinmu ta hanyar gaskiya, musamman tarihin zamani.
Abisa ga Xua & A'a mujallar na Histungiyar Tarihin Vietnamese17, Saboda daban-daban yanayi daban-daban, da kiyaye matsayin archives na irin iri katunan gaisuwa iya zama ƙasa da aiki da yawa kamar a Faransa - amma, ana iya samun su a cikin tarin na Makarantar Faransa ta Gabas18 (Laburare na Kimiyyar Zamani na Vietnam da Cibiyar Ba da Bayani), kuma a cikin Central Archives Organisation19, kuma har ila yau tabbas ana iya samun su a cikin tarin masu tara kuɗi.
Cgame da lamura na - na mai tara masu zaman kansu - an ambaci sunana da Mujallar Xua & Nay saboda bayar da gudummawa anan da can zuwa fallasa abubuwa da yawa na akwatin gidan waya daga Hanoi, Hue, Saigon to Lardunan kudu kamar Ben Tre20, Kien Giang21...
The Xua & A'a mujallar Har ila yau, ya faɗi gaskiyar cewa dubban katuna a cikin tarin nawa sun sami “mataccen hatimi”Da layin jumlar da masu aikawa suka rubuta - lokacin da suka fara shiga Indochina ko sun kasance kuma suna zaune a ciki Vietnam, Laos da kuma Cambodia kuma sun aika da irin wannan katunan ga iyayen gidansu a Faransa, ko kuma wani wuri a cikin wasu ƙasashen mulkin mallaka na Faransa.
Tshi “mataccen hatimi”Kuma irin waɗannan rubutattun jumlolin sun ƙara darajar katunkunnin sau da yawa - a ƙarƙashin duban ƙwararrun masu tattarawa.
As a gare ni, mai tarin dama - wanda zai tara a duk lokacin da ko duk inda za'a iya samun irin wadannan katunan gaisuwa. Na kasance, a lokacin dogon lokacin da nake rayuwa a ciki Saigon. Nayi wa kaina kwalliyar hoton ƙasar haihu mai ɗaukaka. Amma, a yanzu, Ina fatan cewa Xua & A'a mujallar zai ci gaba da taimaka min don kawo godiya ga jama'a irin wannan Ayyukan Vietnam.
Tduk tsawon lokacin Millenium na Thang Long22, asalin takardun tarihi, rubutattu kuma akan hagu akan takarda duk suna ciki Sin da kuma sunan (Harafin Demotic) kuma har yanzu ana iya samun sa a ɗakunan karatu na masu tarin yawa. A yanzu haka, katunan da aka buga a kan takarda mai wuya ta hanyar daukar hotuna, tare da kalmomi, jumloli da bayanai a bayansu, su ma sun zama tushen kayan tarihi - duk da cewa har yanzu ba su dade da sabuwa ba - kusan karni daya kawai - amma su ma sun ba da gudummawa ga nazarin tarihi na Vietnam wani bangare na tarihi ta hanyar hotuna.
Thoto - kamar yadda yake - yana da ƙimar daraja ta tarihi, ba tare da yin kwalliya da gyara ba, ba tare da yin kwafa ba, ba tare da dasawa ba kuma ba tare da mannawa ba… Kamar Masu daukar hoto na yamma lura da daukar hotunan yankuna na Latin America a farkon zamanin da kabilun marasa rinjaye ke zaune a wurin - A nan, hotunan da aka dauka sun kuma nuna rayuwar kananan kabilu da yawa da ke raba rayukansu tare da mutanen gari daga dimbin yawa Dazukan Indochinese to Garuruwan Vietnam kamar Hanoi, Saigon... biranen da aka taɓa kiransu Lu'ulu'u Na Gabas23 - sunaye masu ɗaukaka sau ɗaya waɗanda ke nuna canji mai ƙarfi kamar suna tserewa daga Shekarun Tsakiya don shiga cikin zamanin tarihin zamani.
Bincika ALSO:
' Gabatarwar Nr. 2: GABATAR DA TARON LITTAFIN INDOCHINESE POSTCARDS.
NOTES:
1: Asso. Farfesa HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Tsohon Shugaban Jami'ar Hong Bang International, shi ne marubucin Vietnam, Hanoi, Saigon… Postcards, wanda ya kafa rukunin yanar gizo - samawariya.et, sabar.biz, dansamarayanan.com, Holylandindochinecoloniale.com, Da dai sauransu
2:… Ana sabuntawa
NOTES:
Source: Vietnam a zamanin da, NGUYEN MANH HUNG Doctor a Tarihi, Mujallar Xua & Nay, Thoi Dai Madaba'oi, Hanoi, 2010.
' Ban Tu Thu duk saitunan, rubutun baƙaƙe, baƙaƙen rubutu, kalamai masu launi da hotuna da aka keɓe sun bayyana. samawariya.et.
BAN TU THU
09 / 2020