Me yasa Mutane ke FASSARA a lokutan TẾT?
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HUNG NGEYEN MANH1
Wannan saboda booming na mahaukata yana kawo ma'anar farin ciki, farin ciki da wadatarwa ga K'abilan Biyetnam. Don wannan dalili ne ma, mutane kan kunna masu fashe-fashe a lokutta kamar nishaɗi, bukukuwan aure da makoki.
Koyaya, mutum zai iya tabbata cewa wannan al'ada kuma tana ɗaukar yanayin camfi:
Wani tsohon labari, wanda aka rubuta a aikin mai taken “Kinh sở tuế thời ký” (Kalanda na Kinh Sở ƙasar), ya karanta kamar haka: Miyagun ruhohi da fatalwowi da ke kan tsauni suna son karɓi gawar mutane. Suna haifar da cututtuka masu haɗari masu yawa, sau da yawa suna haifar da mutuwa, amma suna matukar tsoron tashin hayaniya. Sabili da haka, mutum yana buƙatar wuta kawai masu fashewar abubuwa don aiwatar da su. Wannan tsohon labari ya fada mana Masanin Confucian, amma muna jin cewa yakamata mu ba shi ƙarin nazari, tunda har yanzu batun batun muhawara da yawa ne2.
SƠN THẢO Iblis
Legend yana da shi cewa a da can an kira wani shaidan Sanin Thu abin da ya kasance yana damun mutane a ranar farko ta shekara. Kamar yadda aljannu ke fargabar fashewar abubuwa, mutane sun shirya bututun keɓaɓɓun bututun wuta da ƙyallen duka a ƙafafunsu kuma suna zuba ruwa a cikin ramuka da aka soke sannan kuma dakatar da ƙarshen. Lokacin da sabuwar shekara ta fara, suna kunna wuta a gaban gidajensu kuma suna jifa da bututu a ciki. Ruwan da ke motsa ruwa da shambura sun fashe Sanin Thu ya gudu. Daga baya, tare da kirkirar bindiga, an birgima mai kashe wuta da yadudduka da dama da igiya sannan kuma ya sami wani abin harbi da ke haifar da fashewa lokacin da aka kone shi. Shaidan yana gudu har yanzu.
TẾT Kayan
Daga wannan lokacin, mutane sun dauki al'adar yin musayar wuta a ranar sabuwar shekara, a lokacin canji. A zamanin yau, wannan mahimmancin mai tsarki ya kusan ɓace, wanda kawai yake aika tsohon yana gaishe da sabuwar shekara har yanzu ya rage. Al'ada ta kashe kashe gobara itace ta gama gari.
Masu kashe gobara sune T aret kuma Tết masu aikin kashe gobara ne. Kusa da farkon karni, har yanzu mun ga sifar murhun wuta, wanda Shagon Quảng, dauke da kalmomin guda huɗu “Liên thăng idano hỉ” (tashi don yada labarai na kaya) (Fig.1). Ba mu sake ganin nau'in murhun wuta da aka yi ba Ịabiyoyin Cầu.
Wannan nau'in abin kashe wuta yana da fis ɗin sa a tsakiyar jikin sa kuma ana kiransa kyandir. Wannan ƙauyen yana da al'adar shirya gasa don kunna wuta. An rataye wata katuwar wuta a jikin wata tuta, mutanen gari suna amfani da wutar kyandira, suna yin kansu da takardu iri biyu na kamawa da wuta, su yi amai, suna kokarin kashe katuwar wuta. Wanda yayi nasarar saita babbar wuta shine mai nasara.
Amma, akwai wasu shekaru inda ba mai sauƙin samun kyautar ba kuma mai shirya biki ya tsara shi da abin farin ciki.
The Mutanen Mường at Hoà Bình lardin a yankin arewaci - suna da al'adar harbe-harben “saura”Watau wani irin igwa a tsaka-tsakin yanayi wata al'ada da ake kira bude wuta" chàng tịch "a maimakon sanya wuta -
Bayan Tambayoyi Cầu, akwai kuma wasu wurare da dama wadanda zasu iya samar da nasu kayan kashe gobara kamar Bình ɗà (Hà Taya), Ỵng Kỵ (Bac Ninh). Harbewa 'yan fasa ke yi wa masu wuce gona da iri tare da dukkan nau'ikan kayan wasan wuta suna ɗauke da sunaye masu ban dariya. Banda nau'ikan da ke ɗauke da sunaye kamar manya, ƙarami, gajeru, dogo, tsaye, kwance, akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira:ùng"(albarku) masu kashe gobara,duba"(kankanin) masu kashe gobara,vonta"(duck) masu kashe gobara,cyy"(shafi) masu kashe gobara,nan da nan"(roka) masu kashe gobara,koyi"(turmi) masu kashe gobara,zuci”Gora mai rawaya) kayan wuta…
Musamman, a cikin Nghệ An, Yankin Yankin Yankin ban da harbe-harben bindiga, suna kuma harbi ''zamani"(bamabamai) 'Yan kwana-kwana masu cin wuta wanda suke da girma da yawa kamar yadda dabbobin gida ke jin tsoro - za su bar gidan su dawo ne bayan kawai Tt. Saboda haka hukuncin “Gudun kamar kare daga firgita”.
“LÓI” NAFARAJin masu kashe gobara)
A cikin tsohuwar zamanin, mutane a cikin Nghệ Tínnh filin karkara sun kera kansu wani nau'ikan wasan wuta da ake kira:zamani"(deafening) watau wani nau'in girma fiye da “bung"(booming) masu kashe gobara. Mutanen wannan yankin sun yi amfani da daskararren mai na Castor-oil da aka gauraya da garin kashe gobara, sannan suka yi fiskar sannan suka cusa dukkan abin a cikin bututun bamboo misalin 15cm tsayi. Wannan bututun na bamboo yana da kumburi mai kusan 2 ko 3 cm na diamita. Da wannan, mutanen karkara sun kirkiro dazamani"(deafening) wasan wuta wanda ke ba da karar fashewar kunne, a waccan lokacin, a yankin C Thọ, Linh Ku, akwai al'adar bayar da lada ga mutanen da suka yi kokarin shiga cikin zurfin bayan gida da attajirai da karnukan karnuka da yawa don haskaka wannan nau'in “zamani”Masu kashe gobara a Sabuwar Shekara. Idan kararrawa take ji idan ta sa gidan ya yi tsalle, wannan gaskiyar za ta zama kyakkyawan abin faranta rai ga wannan attajiri. Wanda ke kunna wutar yakamata ya sanar da mai gidan ya san kansa don ya samu lada. Akasin haka, idan masu kashe wuta zasu zama bebaye wadanda basu iya fashewa ba, to abin da kawai zai rage shine a kaurace don tsoron kar a kawo wata tsawa.
A yau, a cikin Vietnam, al'adar barin kashe gobarathet Hợi shekarar Pig 1995). Dole ne kowace iyali ta rattaba hannu kan wata sanarwa da ke ba da tabbacin cewa ba za ta tayar da gobara a cikin yanayin ta na asali ba. Mutanen da suka yi laifin kashe gobara duk wanda ya kasance dole ne a hukunta su sosai. An dakatar da bugawa a cikin HaNoi saboda rashin himma don tallafawa umarnin jihar na hana kafa wuta. Mutane sun ba da labarin cewa a cikin tsohon Saigon, an bayar da umarnin hana kashe wuta daga shekarar Can Can (Shekarar Mota 1960). A waccan lokacin, waɗanda suka gaza yin biyayya da umarnin ba a cin kuɗi kawai ba amma kuma an kama su kuma an tsare su Saigon Alm-gida4.
Wadannan kalmomin masu gamsassun kalmomin don Tt, wanda aka keɓe wa makafi, har yanzu yana kawo abubuwan asali guda biyu; sauti na wasan wuta da Tsilar sanda:
“Da yamma ranar talatin ga wata na goma sha biyu ga watan, yayin da ya ke yin rawa, ƙafafun mutum ba zato ba tsammani Tsilar sanda kuma mutum yasan: Ah! yana Tt!
Da safe na ranar farko ta Tt mutum yana jin sautin masu kashe wuta sai ya gane: Oh! Ruwan bazara ya zo! ”
The"gaba daya"(rawaya bamboo) Ma'aikatan kashe gobara sune nau'in da ake amfani da bututu mai ɗauke da rawaya, wanda aka suturta da ɓacin rai da ƙarfe mai ɗaukar nauyi, kuma an toshe ta a ɗayan sassan biyu, sannan aka busa ta wani fizirin don ƙirƙirar babban albarku. Wannan nau'in kuma ana kiranta “bugu uku"(fashewar bam din) watau “gaba daya"(Tun daga karni na 7, Sinawa suna kirkirar harbin bindiga da amfani da shi wajen yin fasa-kwauri).
Tare da abubuwan da aka ambata a sama masu aikin wuta masu samar da manyan abubuwan fashewa ko albarku guda ko salma na booms (gaba daya) akwai kuma “gaba daya","yadda ake yin hakan"(masu kashe gobara suna ba da hasken launuka lokacin da aka kunna su). Waɗannan nau'ikan masu kashe wuta suna kama da aikin wuta. Don sanya su, ƙauyen suna amfani da bututun bamboo na mata, suna cusa su da ƙarfi tare da harbin bindiga wanda aka cakuda shi da turɓayar baƙin ƙarfe da kuɗaɗe.
a Sabuwar Shekara's Hauwa'u, sararin sama kamar baƙi ne kamar tawada, idan aka kunna wuta, waɗannan nau'ikan masu kashe wuta suna samar da fitilu masu launuka waɗanda ke haskakawa kamar furannin Lilac da furannin kabeji. Ja da launuka shuɗi waɗanda waɗannan masu aikin wuta ke samarwa suna faruwa ne saboda ƙurar baƙin ƙarfe da aka kwantar da su.
NOTE:
1 Mataimakin Farfesa HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Likita a ilimin Falsafa Tarihi.
2 A cewar G. PISIER - “Indo-China”Lambar 75-76 wanda aka sanya wa rana ta 12 ga watan Feburairu, 1942 - Shafuffuka 17,18, da 19.
3 Dangane da TRẦN XUÂN TUY, “Tết Kawa”- Kundin Kwalejin Vinh na Giáp Thìn Spring, Saigon 1964 p.46.
4 TAFIYA TRẦN - Tết Firecrackers Vinh Kwalejin Intramural na ofungiyar Tsoffin atalibai a Kwalejin Vinh - Batun bazara na Giáp Thìn Year 1964, shafi na 46.
BAN TU THU
01 / 2020
NOTE:
Source: Vietnamese Lunar Sabuwar Shekara - Babban Bikin - Asso. Farfesa HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Likita na Falsafa a Tarihi.
Ban Ban Tu Thu ya saita rubutu mai karfi da hotunan sepia - samawariya.et
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