Trionychidae softshell kunkuru

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     The Trionychidae are a iyali taxonomic na yawan jinsin kunkuru, wanda aka fi sani da suna softshell kunkuru. Wannan iyali ya gina ta Leopold Fitzinger a 1826. Softshells hada da wasu manya a duniya kunkuru masu ruwa, ko da yake mutane da yawa za su iya daidaitawa da zama a wuraren da ba su da ƙarfi sosai. Membobin wannan iyali suna faruwa a cikin Afirka, Asiya, Da kuma Amirka ta Arewa, tare da batattun nau'ikan da aka sani daga Australia. Yawancin nau'ikan an haɗa su a cikin jinsi Trionyx, amma mafi yawancin tun daga lokacin an koma wasu ya haifar (Apalone softshells na Arewacin Amurka waɗanda aka sanya a cikin Trionyx har zuwa 1987).

     Trionychidae ana kiransu “softshell"saboda carapaces ɗinsu ba su da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaya (ma'auni), ko da yake spiny softshell, Apalone spinifera, yana da wasu tsinkaya-kamar ma'auni, saboda haka sunansa. Carapace yana da fata kuma yana iya jurewa, musamman a gefe. Babban ɓangaren carapace yana da ƙaƙƙarfan kasusuwa a ƙarƙashinsa, kamar yadda yake a cikin sauran kunkuru, amma wannan ba ya nan a gefuna na waje. Hasken harsashi mai sassauƙa na waɗannan kunkuru yana ba su damar motsawa cikin sauƙi a cikin buɗaɗɗen ruwa ko cikin gindin tafkin laka. Samun harsashi mai laushi kuma yana ba su damar tafiya da sauri a ƙasa fiye da yawancin kunkuru. Ƙafafunsu suna da kafaɗa da kafaɗa uku, don haka sunan iyali “Trionychidae," wanda ke nufin "mai kaifi uku“. Launin carapace na kowane nau'in softshell kunkuru yana son ya dace da yashi ko launin laka na yankinsa, yana taimakawa a cikin "kwanta a jira" Hanyar ciyarwa.

     Trionychidae suna da halaye da yawa dangane da su rayuwar ruwa. Da yawa dole ne a nutse su don su shanye abincinsu. Suna da elongated, taushi, snorkel-kamar hanci. Wuyoyinsu suna da tsayi daidai gwargwado idan aka kwatanta da girman jikinsu, yana ba su damar shaka iska yayin da jikinsu ya nutse a cikin ƙasa. (laka ko yashi) ƙafa ko fiye da ƙasa.

     Fmazan mata Trionychidae na iya girma har zuwa ƙafa da yawa a cikin diamita na carapace, yayin da maza suka kasance mafi ƙanƙanta; wannan shine babban nau'in dimorphism na jima'i. Pelochelys cantorii, an samo shi a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, shine mafi girma softshell kunkuru.

    The Ba Ba Gai (Pelodiscus sinensis, chinese softshell kunkuru) jinsin ne softshell kunkuru wato na asali Mongoliya ta ciki, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Rasha, Koriya, Japan, Vietnam (wanda aka hange kunkuru Pelodiscus variegatus).

    Most masu cin naman dabbobi ne masu tsauri, tare da abincin da ya ƙunshi kifaye, crustaceans na ruwa, katantanwa, masu amphibians, da kuma wasu lokuta tsuntsaye da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Bisa lafazin Ditmar (1910): "Manyan gwal na nau'ikan nau'ikan suna haifar da iyakar matsanancin rikice-rikice-rikice masu rikice-rikice-da Alvolar saman Jaws", wanda ke taimakawa cin abinci mai tsanani kamar molluscs. Wadannan muƙamuƙi suna sa manyan kunkuru su zama masu haɗari, saboda suna iya yanke yatsan mutum, ko kuma ta yiwu hannunsu.

    Sharsashi iya iya"numfashi” karkashin ruwa tare da motsin rhythmic na rami na bakinsu, wanda ke ƙunshe da matakai da yawa waɗanda aka haɗa da jini, suna yin kama da gill filaments a cikin kifi. Wannan yana ba su damar zama a ƙarƙashin ruwa na tsawon lokaci.

Ba Ba Gai (Pelodiscus sinensis)

    The Ba Ba Gai (Pelodiscus sinensis, Chinese softshell kunkuru) wani nau'i ne na kunkuru mai laushi wanda ya kasance na asali Mongoliya ta ciki, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Rasha, Koriya, Japan, Vietnam (kukuru Pelodiscus variegtus da aka hange).

    Pelodiscus sinensis softshell kunkuru zauna a cikin ruwa mai daɗi da ɗanɗano. Wadannan softshell turtles ana samun su a cikin koguna, tafkuna, tafkuna, magudanan ruwa, rafukan da ke da jinkirin igiyoyin ruwa, marshes, magudanun ruwa. Ba ba gai softshell turtles sukan nutsar da kawunansu cikin ruwa. Domin suna dauke da kwayar halittar da ke samar da sinadarin da ke ba su damar fitar da urea daga bakinsu. Wannan karbuwa yana taimaka musu su tsira a cikin ruwa mai tauri ta hanyar ba su damar fitar da urea ba tare da shan ruwan gishiri da yawa ba. Maimakon kawar da urea ta hanyar yin fitsari ta hanyar cloaca kamar yadda mafi yawan kunkuru ke yi, wanda ya haɗa da asarar ruwa mai yawa, kawai suna wanke bakinsu a cikin ruwa.   

pelodiscus.sinensis-softturtle-holylandvietnamstudies.com
Pelodiscus sinensis kunkuru mai laushi.

    These Ba Ba Gai galibi masu cin nama ne da ragowar kifaye, crustaceans, mollusks, kwari, tsaba na tsire-tsire na marsh.

     Fmazan da Pelodiscus sinensis softshell kunkuru iya isa har zuwa 33 cm (13 inci) a tsawon carapace, yayin da ƙananan maza suka kai 27 cm (11 inci), amma duk da haka suna da tsayin wutsiya fiye da mata. An kai balagagge a tsayin carapace na 18-19 cm (7-7.5 inci). Yana da ƙafar ƙafa don yin iyo. Wadannan Ba Ba Gai kai girma jima'i wani lokaci tsakanin shekaru 4 zuwa 6. Suna haɗuwa a saman ko ƙarƙashin ruwa. Namiji zai rike carapace na mace tare da gabbansa kuma yana iya ciji a kai, wuyanta, da gabobinta. Mace na iya riƙe maniyyi na kusan shekara guda bayan haɗuwa. A mata sa 8-30 qwai (kimanin 20 mm ko 0.79 inci a diamita) a cikin kama (kimanin 76-102 mm ko 3-4 inci) kuma yana iya zama daga 2 zuwa 5 clutches kowace shekara. Ana ajiye ƙwai a cikin wata gida da ke ƙetare a ƙofar. Bayan lokacin shiryawa na kimanin kwanaki 60, wanda zai iya zama tsayi ko gajarta dangane da zafin jiki, qwai suna ƙyanƙyashe. Matsakaicin tsayin ƙyanƙyashe carapace tsayi da faɗinsa kusan mm 25 ne (Inci 1). Ba a ƙayyade jima'i na ƙyan ƙyanƙyasar ta yanayin zafi.

Ba Ba Tron (Kunƙuri mai wuyan wuyansa softshell)

     The Kunkuru mai laushi mai wuyan hannu (Palea steindachneri*), wanda aka fi sani da suna Kunkuru mai laushi mai laushi na Steindachner, yana cikin hatsari Asiya nau'in softshell kunkuru a cikin iyali Trionychidae. jinsin shine kawai memba na asalin Palea. Su na asali ne zuwa Kudu maso Gabashin kasar Sin (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan), Laos, Vietnam. (*Franz Steindachner, masanin ilimin herpetologist dan kasar Austria). wattle.necked-softturtle-holylandvietnamstudies.com

     Palayya steindachneri yana nuna dimorphism na jima'i. Matan wannan kunkuru na ruwa sun kai har zuwa 44.5 cm (17.5 inci) a madaidaiciyar tsayin carapace, yayin da maza ke kai har zuwa cm 36 kawai (14 inci). Duk da haka, maza suna da dogon wutsiya fiye da na mata.

BAN TU THU
08 / 2022

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