Kokarin yin nazarin KARATUN HUKUNCIN TARIHIN KASUWANCIN GASKIYA - Sashe na 1

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HUNG NGEYEN MANH

       Tare da ƙoƙarin yin nazarin tarihin al'adun gargaƙin baƙi, kayan al'adun gargajiya da ba za a iya fahimtar su ba, dole ne mu jira Researchungiyar Binciken Tarihi na Vietnam da kuma manyungiyoyin Binciken Tarihi na tarihi na larduna da birane daban-daban, haka kuma da yawan malamai da masanannu na wasan kyan gani a Vietnam da kuma ƙasashen waje. Idan haka ne, ba mu tabbatar da lokacin da za mu sami wadatattun kayayyaki don nazarin kimiyya game da tarihin wasan tsere na Vietnamese ba. Koyaya, idan kawai muka tattara wadatattun takaddun da aka ajiye a cikin kayan tarihin ƙasa, kawai zamu iya gamsuwa na ɗan lokaci. Haka kuma, jin daɗinmu na ɗan lokaci ya samo asali ne daga zamanin da muke fama da kyawawan kayan Martial kamar su soja a ƙarƙashin Daular Tran. Wannan littafin Jagora an kebe shi ne kawai ga shugabannin sojoji da kuma membobin dangin sarki don gudanar da wasan tsere a cikin Gian Vo (Makarantar Martial Arts) (tun 1253).

       Shugabannin soja a karkashin Daular Tran kamar Tran Quoc Tuan, Tran Quang Khai, Tran Khanh Du, da Pham Ngu Lao, sun sauka cikin tarihi tare da tituna da yawa a Saigon da sauran biranen da aka ambata sunayensu. Wadannan shugabannin sojojin sun lalata niyyar mamayar sojojin Mongoliya. Koyaya, ta hanyar littattafan tarihi da tatsuniyoyi na jama'a, za mu iya tattara albarkatun katun ne kawai daga daular Trieu zuwa zamanin Trung Nu Vuong (Damuwa Trung) (40-43 AD). Waɗannan shugabannin sojoji mata biyu sun kasance suna hawa giwaye, suna amfani da takuba, suna jagoranci jaruma mata don kayar da sojojin Dakarun Din.

      a karkashin Daular Dinh (968-980), shugaban sojoji Fadar Tien Hoang ya koyar da jaruma yadda ake amfani da mayuka - matsakaita-matsakau (in ji Toan Anh). Hakanan, a cikin Daular Le Thanh Ton (1460-1496), dangin sarki sun kafa gwaje-gwaje na kare kai da kuma horo. Ya kamata a sani cewa a wancan lokacin, akwai mandarin sojoji 2,767 kuma 1,825 daga cikinsu sun san fasahar yaƙi. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Le Thanh Ton ya kasance mai daraja a matsayin wanda ya fara nazarin fasahar kyan gani na Vietnamese saboda godiya ga ƙoƙarinsa na gina tsarin horar da dabarun yaƙi.

       A lokacin mulkin Nguyen Houe (Quang Trung), an ce ya koya Da Tien (Martial Arts) a kan Tsibirin Cha Diem (Dutsen Truong Son) a cikin lardin Binh Dinh tare da babban mashahurin horarrun masu suna Hien (Giao Hien - malama Hien). Daga baya, ya zama shugaban sojoji na almara wanda ya ci sojojin China. Tun daga wannan lokacin, garin haihuwarsa, lardin Binh Dinh, ya zama kasar da ta zama reshe na kungiyar martani mai fasahamusamman a An Vinh da An Thai Villages). Hakanan, a cikin 1938, reshen fasahar Martial Vovinam - Martial Arts na Vietnam an kafa kuma har yanzu yana nan har zuwa wannan zamanin a Vietnam da ƙasashe da yawa a duniya.

       Akwai waƙoƙin gargajiya waɗanda ke da bambance-bambancen da yawa waɗanda suka bayyana matsayin mata a garinsu tare da al'adun gargajiyar al'adun gargajiyar:

Ai về Bình Đàh mà coi
Con gái Bình Đšh múa roi, đi quyền.
(Bari mu tafi Binh Dinh
Don sha'awar 'yan matan da ke yin zane da siffofin karafa)

       Koyaya, bayan da sojojin Faransa suka kafa ragamar mulki a Vietnam, an haramta koyar da karatuttukan kare kai don hana tayar da zaune tsaye.

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       Godiya ga fadakarwa ta farko daga yakin mutane na tsawan shekaru, Vietnam ta sami 'yanci daga ikon mallaka. Bayan haka, Vietnam ta mai da hankali ga gina tushen koyar da karatuttukan kisa tsakanin mutane kai tsaye bayan ƙarshen mulkin Sinanci na shekaru dubu ɗaya. Hakanan, daga fahimta ta gargajiya ta kafuwar falsafar Gabas ta Tsakiya a duniyar Sin (a cewar Vandermeersch1), bunƙasa binciken ilimin kyan gani na Vietnamese shi ma ya rinjayi Confucianism.

       Duniyar China tana da tushe daga falsafar zalla Yi Ching. Yin da kuma Yang kuma Abubuwa Guda Biyar sune asali a matsayin shawarwari don bunkasa ka'idojin zamantakewar dan adam. Wataƙila littafi ne na yau da kullun kuma mai girma game da ra'ayin duniya da falsafar rayuwa - a matsayin ƙa'idar da ba ta canzawa don rayuwar dukkan halittu.

       Saboda haka, rayuwar wannan al'ummar ta mu, musamman rayuwar ruhaniya, ita ma wannan doka ta yanke hukunci ta shafi su. Al'adar har da nazarin fasahar karantarwa ba zasu wanzu ba tare da wannan madawwamin mulki ba.

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      Wani ɓangare na jama'a suna ɗaukar cewa Classical Classic na kasar Sin, musamman rubuce-rubucen rubutu guda bakwai kan tarihin wasan adon sojojin, ana kiransu Classics Military Class2, an yi amfani da su azaman Littattafan koyarwa da koyarwa Me ya sa mu, Vietnam, ba za mu tattara wannan takaddun Martial na wasanmu ba? Domin amsar wannan tambayar, bari mu koma cikin tarihin Martial na ƙasar. Muna iya ganin cewa an lura da kwarewar yaƙi a cikin littattafan da ake kira Vo Kin (Classics sojada kuma Vo Ta (K'wallaye Kayan Gargajiya na Vietnamese). Vo Kinh littafi mai tsarki ne na karatuttukan kisan kai Hong Dao Vuong Tran Quoc Tuan don horar da jarumawa. Wannan dai shi ne bin yer dinku (Taqaitaccen Ka'idojin Sojako Binh phap cac nha (Tsarin Soja) wanda Tran Hung Dao ya ambata a cikin "shela ga Jami'an" a cikin karni na XIII.

       Bayan wannan, littafin tarihin littattafan tarihi an cika su da littafin ta Da Duy Tu (daga karni na 17da ake kira "Ho truong khu co" ()Littafin Dao Duy Tu). Kari akan haka, akwai wasu wuraren ajiye littattafan da aka fassara azaman haɗakar ka'idar wasan kwaikwayo ta kare kai da aikatawa. Za a iya samun su a Han-Nom (Harshen Sinanci da alamomin Vietnamese na gargajiya) shagon sayar da littafi, kamar Abin da kuke buƙatar sani (wanda aka nada a matsayin AB 597) tare da ba masu sharhi kawai ba har ma hotuna, matani, da sauransu don fassarar da kuma adon ado.

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… Ci gaba…

NOTE:
◊ Tushen hoto: vietcadao.com

KARA DUBA:
Kokarin yin nazarin KARATUN HUKUNCIN TARIHIN KASUWANCIN GASKIYA - Sashe na 2.

Kokarin yin nazarin KARATUN HUKUNCIN TARIHIN KASUWANCIN GASKIYA - Sashe na 3.

BAN TU THU
11 / 2019

(Ziyarci 3,292 sau, 1 ziyara a yau)