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WANE NE Faransa ta karɓi Vietnam a shekara ta 1857? - Sashe na 2

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**III. Bala'i a KỲ HÒ DA DA SUKE JAGORAN KYAUTA A CIKIN ƙasa (1861-1862)**

bayan Faduwar birnin Beijing kuma ƙarshen na Yaƙi Na Biyu a China, gwamnatin Faransa ta Emperor Napoleon III (1808-1873)^[19]yanke shawarar ci gaba da “l'suwa da de Cochinchine"Ko cin nasarar Kudancin Vietnam. A kan Fabrairu 1861, a ƙarƙashin babban umarnin Faransa Admiral Léonard Charner (1797-1869)^[20], Sojojin Faransa masu ƙarfi da ke yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya an tura su zuwa Saigon, waɗanda galibi sun ƙunshi tsoffin kwararrun tsoffin fagen fama na Sinawa. A cewar jami’in Faransa Léopold Pallu de la Barrière (1828-1891)^[21], sojojinsu don mamaye Kudancin Vietnam sun kasance^[22]:

Rubutun asalin Faransanci:

“… A to 70 navires de guerre, dont 14 to voiles da 56 zuwa vapeur. Sept navires loués à la Compagnie peninsulaire et orientale servaient à assurer les sadarwa ke iya aiki da sadarwa. 4 officiers-généraux, 13 capitaines de vaisseau, 22 capitaines de frégate, 95 lieutenans de vaisseau, 105 enseignes, muhallin 100, 100 na soja, 100 na shugabanci na soja, jiragen ruwa 8,000, jami'in aiki. L'artillerie s'élevait à 474 bouches à feu, la karfi nominale des injiniyoyi zuwa 7,866 chevaux-vapeur… ”

Fassarar Ingilishi:

“… Akwai jimillar jiragen ruwan yaki guda 70, 14 daga ciki jiragen ruwa ne masu tafiya yayin da 56 kuma jiragen ruwa ne. Anyi amfani da jiragen ruwa guda bakwai da Kamfanin Peninsular da na Gabas suka saki don sadarwa tare da babban gabar bakin teku. Manyan hafsoshi 4, shugabannin jiragen ruwa 13, shugabannin jiragen ruwa 22, manyan hafsoshin jiragen ruwa 95, alamomi 105, kusan masu neman 100, likitoci 100, jami'an gudanarwa 100, masu ruwa na 8,000, sun hada ma'aikatan. Bindigogin sun kai bindigogi 474, nominarfin ƙarfi na injunan ƙarfin dawakai 7,866… “

Ba kamar shekarar 1858 ba, tare da jiragen ruwan Faransa 14 kawai na harin Tourane. A shekara ta 1861, jiragen yaƙi 70 na kowane nau'in sun halarci yakin Cochinchina. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan jiragen ruwan Faransa suna da gaske matuƙar kyau kuma sun fi waɗanda Vietnamese ke da su a lokacin, alal misali, Jirgin ruwa da Persévérante, ya kasance cike da runduna sama da 60 cannoni da kuma rukunin mutane 513^[23]^[24].

Haka kuma, Faransawa sun dauko fiye da 600 na kwastomomin Sin da na sanyi waɗanda suke shirye su yi yaƙi a ƙarƙashin tutar Daular Faransa ta biyu^[27].

A karshe, ranar bala'i ya zo a ranar 24 Fabrairu 1861 yayin Yaƙin Kỳ Hòa^[28], lokacin da dukkanin layin tsaron Vietnam wanda suka gina a kusa da Saigon na shekaru biyu daga baya sun rushe a karkashin hare-hare na sojojin Faransa 4,000 zuwa 5,000 tare da taimakon daruruwan manyan bindigogi da jirage 50.^[29]. Gaskiya ne yaƙin na jini don ɓangarorin biyu. Ranar farko da aka gwabza fada ta kashe Faransawa da Spanish 6 an kashe sannan 30 sun ji rauni^[30]. Daga cikin wadanda suka jikkata akwai manyan jami’ai kamar Faransa Janar Élie de Vassoigne (1811-1891)^[31]da Mutanen Espanya Kanar Carlos Palanca Gutierrez (1819-1876)^[32]. Kashegari ya ga halakar layin tsaron Kỳ Hòa, tare da mutuwar sojojin Faransa 12 da jiragen ruwa, yayin da 225 suka jikkata. Wadanda suka rasa rayukansu a Vietnamese sun fi yawa yayin da kusan 1,000 suka mutu suka ji rauni, ciki har da Marshal Nguyen Tri Phương.

Kamar ambaliyar ruwa bayan fashewar madatsar ruwa, shekara daya bayan faduwar Kỳ Hòa (Fabrairu 1861 - Fabrairu 1862), duk lardunan lardi na Gia Đàh, ____H Tường da kuma Bi Hn daga baya sojojin Faransa suka kama su. Faransawa sun kirkiro da wani tsari na “gidajen yanar gizo” a yankunan da ake sarrafa su, tare da kananan jiragen ruwa da na matsakaita don yakin kogin kamar "canonnirere"(bindiga) ^[34], da “chaloupe canonnière"(bindigogi) da kuma Portugese-irin soja "sarakai"^[35]. An daidaita su sosai ga ƙasa da koguna a Kudancin Vietnam. Misali, a shekarar 1861-1862 Faransawa bindiga l'Alarme ya zauna a gabar kogin Vaico (Wata Cỏ) ^[36], cikin kula da tsaro daga Tah Ninh to Long An.

Yayin daular Nguyễn ta dawo da baya cikin rudani, da yawa Asabilan Vietnam da ƙungiyar soja Ya tashi ya yi yaƙi da sojojin Faransa a wurare dabam-dabam. Babban shugaba na Vietnamese a lokacin shine marshal Trương Đšh (定, 1820-1864)^[38]. A karkashin bankin na Marshal Trương Đšh, shuwagabannin sojoji da suka ƙware sosai kamar Nguyễn Trung Trực (忠直, 1838-1868) yi yaƙi gwarzo a kan Faransawa^[39]. A kan Disamba 1861, sojojinsa da kansa sun kona rundunar sojan Faransa l'Espérance a cikin Nhựt Tảo Kogin, wani taron wanda ya yi sanadiyar rayukan sojojin Faransa 17 da na Tagal da kuma jami'an Vietnam guda 20. A cikin 1862, yanayin ya zama mawuyaci ga sojojin Faransa na faransa-Spanish, lokacin da cutar kansa da sauran nau'ikan cuta rayuka da dama da ɗari maza. Yankunan daga Go Ko to Cin Giờ daga baya aka sami ratedancin kai kuma sun zama sansanonin soji a Kudancin Vietnam.

**IV. MAGANAR SAIGON (5 YANA 1862): MUTUWARSA 'DUK CIKIN' YAN UWA 'NA FITO NA FASAHA**

A halin yanzu, Kotun Royal na Nguyễn Daular karkashin mulkin Sarkin Tunawa ực (德, 1829-1883)^[41]ya girgiza matuka kuma ya firgita lokacin da aka ji labarin duk labarin da ya faru game da faduwar K of Hòa, da faduwar Gia ĐĐ, TĐng da Biên Hòa. Don haka, a duk shekara ta 1861 har zuwa farkon 1862, Kotun Koli ta yi wasu abokan tattaunawa tare da tattaunawa da Faransa don neman “Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya” (?)

Mai Martaba Sarki bai da masaniya sosai game da halin da sojojin Faransa ke ciki a Cochinchina, wadanda ke fama da mummunan rauni daga yaƙin Vietnam ɗin har ma da cuta da cututtuka. Haka kuma, a wancan lokacin da Yakin Faransa a Meziko (1861-1867) yana faruwa^[42]. Filin fagen wasan Mexico a hakika ya kasance "girgizar ƙasa", wanda ya kara kashe Faransawa mafi yawan rauni kuma ya zama fifiko na Napoleon III don aika ƙarin ƙarfafawa, ba Cochinchina ba.

Wasu mandarin na Nguyễn Daular har ma ta sanar da Sarkin game da ainihin halin da ake ciki. Koyaya, Sarkin har yanzu ya yanke shawarar rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar da ake kira "Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya" tare da sojojin Faransa da na Spain a Saigon, a 5 Yuni 1862. Shankar Gihn (簡; 1796-1867) da kuma Laym Duy Hip (浹, 1806-1863) don rattaba hannu kan Yarjejeniyar^[44]^[45].

A cikin Yarjejeniyar, dukkanin lardunan Gia guda uku, Đategh Tường da Biên Hòa an sanya su cikin Faransanci! Haka kuma, da Mataki na ashirin da 9 wannan yarjejeniya ta kasance game da shiga sojojin Franco-Vietnamese don kama abin da ake kira “fashi"Da kuma"'yan fashi”In Cochinchina^[47]! Tabbas, yana nufin duk shugabannin jam'iyyar Vietnam a Kudancin Vietnam kamar su Trương Đšh, Nguyễn Trung Trực, Võ Duy Dương… waɗanda ba su sauke makamansu ba ana iya alakanta su da “piratesan fashin teku” da “itsan fashi”, a duk lokacin da Faransawa ke so, da daular Nguyễn suma sunada alhakin tilasta musu sallama!

Saboda haka, yarjejeniyar Saigon a cikin 1862 za'a iya ɗauka azaman mummunan tashin hankali a bayan mayaƙan Vietnam. Bayan haka, dole ne suyi yaƙi shi kaɗai, ba tare da taimakon daular Nguyễn ba (ana iya kama su kuma a tura su ga hukumomin Faransa idan ya cancanta). Tun daga lokacin, daular Nguyễn ta zama babban maci amanar nationan Vietnam ɗin! A wancan lokacin, mutanen Kudancin Vietnam suna da sanannen karin magana:

“Phan, Laman babbar damuwa; triều đình khi dân. ” (Phan [Thanh Giản] da Lam [Duy Hiệp] sun sayar da ƙasar; Kotu ba ta kula da mutane)

Duk da matsin lamba daga ɓangarorin Faransa da Royal Kotun, Marshal Trương Đšh ya sanar zai yi yaƙi da sojojin da suke mamayewa har ƙarshen rayuwarsa! A cikin 1863, Faransawa Admiral Louis Aldophe Bonard (a yanzu)1805-1867)^[49]har ila yau, aika Trương Đšh a Harafin Ultimatum. Koyaya, Trương Đšh cikin ladabi ya amsa wasikar Faransa Admiral ta hanyar cewa:

"Triều đình Huế không nhìn nhận chúng ta, nhưng chúng ta cứ bảo vệ Tổ quốc chúng ta." (Kotun Royal a Huế ma ba ta amince da motsinmu ba, amma har yanzu muna fafatawa da ƙasar Olandar.)

Kuma ya ci gaba da yaƙin basasa har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekara ta 1864.

V. KYAUTATA SAUKI

The"Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya ta 1862”An sanya hannu wanda ya ba Faransawa wacce ke kan matsayin rauni, a karshe ta zama mai cin nasara! Haka kuma, duk masu gwagwarmayar Vietnamese daga baya sun zama "'yan tawaye" da "' yan fashi" bisa ga ka'idodin wannan Yarjejeniyar! Ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Saigon, independenceasar Vietnam ta sami 'yanci kaɗan daga independenceasar Masarautar Faransa ta biyu. Duk cikin tarihin Vietnam, yana ɗaya daga mafi yawan bincike da kuma mafi yawan cin amana gwamnatin Vietnam ne ta yi ta.

Daga baya kuma, Kotun Sarauta na Nguyễn Daular ta ci gaba da rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi da yawa, kamar Yarjejeniyar 1874 ko Alkawarin na biyu na Saigon^[51], wacce ta fahimci sauran lardunan uku na Kudancin Vietnam (An Giang, Vônnh Long da Hà Tiên) a karkashin gwamnatin Faransa. A ƙarshe, da Yarjejeniyar Huế a cikin 1884 kawai ya juya Vietnam ta zama "Faransa ta kare".

Bayan ayyukan cin amana da kuma rashin iya Kotun Koli, sauran dalilan da suka haifar da asarar 'yancin Vietnamese sune:

The"abokan aiki”: Vietnamasar Vietnam da yawa suna aiki da yardar rai ne ga ikon Faransa karkashin rukunin 'yan cinikin, kamar su" Mã Tà "(Kashe). Zuwa ga Sinawa mazauna Saigon, nasarar Faransa ta Cochinchina ta kawo musu fa'idodi sama da yadda suke yin aiki tare da “sabon ikon” (Sabanin haka, al'ummomin Sino-Vietnamese a lardin Rạch Giá da Phú Quốc Island sun hada karfi da karfe wajen gwagwarmayar Nguyễn Trung Trực a shekarar 1868).
Gaskiya Itsungiyar eseabilan Vietnam: Daga 1862 zuwa 1865, hargitsin T ạ Văn P farfng (奉,? -1865)^[52], dan asalin Vietnam ne wanda ya yi aiki ga sojojin leken asirin Faransa, wanda ya jawo asarar rayuka da dama ga Kotun Royal. Da yawa daga cikin 'yan fashin teku na Sinawa da masu yin garkuwa da mutane a Lardin Quảng Ninh. A shekara ta 1865, an kama Farji kuma an kashe shi a Huế.
The 'Yan fashi na kasar Sin: Tun daga 1870s, dubunnan 'yan China da ke cikin rukunin Sojan Black Army da na rundunar sojojin ruwa su ka hargitsa Arewacin Vietnam.^[53], waɗanda suka kasance a kan wani lokaci sojojin Yin Tawayea kasar Sin^[54].
The rikice-rikice tsakanin Katolika na Vietnamese da kuma Kasuwancin Kwalejin Vietnamese: A cikin 1874, 'yan Confucian na Tsakiya Vietnam sun zargi Katolika na Vietnam saboda haɗin gwiwar da asarar Kudancin Vietnam ga sojojin Faransa. Sabili da haka, tawayen ya faru tare da taken"Bình Tây Sát Tả!" (Tsara Faransawa, Kashe Heresies!)^[55]. Ta zama yakin basasa a cikin Vietnam ta Tsakiya, wanda ya jefa ƙasar cikin zurfin halin rikice-rikice. (A zahiri, Katolika na Vietnamese ba masu cin amana ba ne. Wasu Katolika na Vietnamese sun yi aiki tare da Faransanci, amma wasu har ma sun yanke ƙauna kuma suka bauta wa Emperor, kamar Nguyễn Trường Tộ (Ƙari, 1830-1871)^[56], wanda har ma ya aika wa Sarkin nasa shirye-shiryen sake kwace Kudancin Vietnam a lokacin Yaƙin Franco-Prussian^[57]).

Idan muka bincika abin da ya gabata, za mu iya koyan darussa da yawa na yau: Don kiyaye da theancin kai da Freedomanci, Dole ne Vietnam ta kasance ƙasa mai ƙarfi da karko, dole ne gwamnati ta yi watsi da nufin mutane, kuma dole ne mutane su hada kai a zaman gaba, su girmama dokoki da ka'idodi tare da cika aikinsu.

Har yanzu, da yawa godiya ga karatu da fatan wannan amsar zata gamsar da tambayar ku!

bisimillah.

Bayanan kalmomi

[19] Napoleon III - Wikipedia

[20] Léonard Charner - Wikipedia

[21] Léopold Pallu de la Barrière - Wikipédia

[22] La campagne de 1861 a Cochinchine

[23] Frégates à voiles de 1ze ya yi kara

[24] Canons 120 - Trois-Ponts!

[25] Saïgon: dock flottant

[26] MAGANAR 19-01-1867

[27] Histoire wanda ya yarda da yarda da shi a matsayin mai kula da tsarin mulki na 1830 ya tabbatar da cewa a shekara ta XNUMX ne za a tattauna batun, da kuma karin bayani, durant la même période, le mouvement social, artistique et litteraire