LITTAFIN GASKIYA DA RANAR KYAUTA ta VIETNAM - Kashi 1

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HUNG NGEYEN MANH

    A farkon rabin karni na 19, lokacin da Faransawa suka fara mamayewa, makamai na gargajiya hade da hadewa da wasan kare kai a cikin hanyoyin yaƙin.

    A lokacin Vietnam Minh zamanin (ƙawance da Faransa), mafi ingantattun kuma ingantattun makamai sune sandunan bamboo mai kaifi. Koyaya, a wannan lokacin, an yi amfani da bindigogi da abubuwan fashewar abubuwa ko kaɗan. Musamman, maharan sun yi amfani da makamai na zamani kamar jiragen sama, jiragen ruwa, da sauransu, a fagen fama a Indochina. Sojoji har yanzu suna yin wasan kwaikwayo na yaƙi kamar a cikin feudal.

    Classic soja Classic kamar su sojoji, dabarun soja har yanzu sun kasance a daular Nguyen har zuwa lokacinda turawan Faransa suka yi amfani da sabbin dabaru da dabaru yayin tarihin zamani da na zamani.

    Game da tarihin ilimi, Vietnam kasa ce da ke da tsarin ilimin farko a cikin kasar Sin (bisa lafazin Vandermeersch)¹. Al'adar Sinawa ta rinjayi duniya cikin dubban shekaru, ba tare da ambatar al'adun Indiya ba. Vietnam kuma ta sami babban ci gaba a duniyar Yammacin Turai, ƙarƙashin ikon al'adun Faransa a ƙarshen 19^th - farkon 20^th karni.

    Dukkan tsarin karatun da aka ambata a sama sun gaji daga mamayar manyan ƙasashe biyu daga Gabas da Yamma. Don nemo wanda ya kafa littafin d ¯ a jami'a, mun fifita sunayen malamin adabin Chu Van An² da malamin koyar da karafa Tran Quoc Tuan³ (saboda ya kirkiri kayan aikin soja da gasar tsere).

    Yanzu muna ƙoƙarin yin nazarin tsohuwar adabi da kuma wasan dambe. Da farko dai, bari mu fara a yanki yanki, kamar yankan katako a cikin katako, ana farawa daga tarihin Nguyen daular bisa ga kayan Annamite masu fasaha na kayan fasaha (Dabaru na mutanen Nam) ta Henri Oger⁴ aiwatar a cikin 1908-1909 a Hanoi. Tsakanin zane-zanen katako guda 4,577 da Han No (Harshen Sinanci da alamomin Vietnamese na gargajiya) ba da labari, zamu iya zaɓar maɓuɓɓugan itace da yawa da ke bayyana ɗalibai a zamanin da, lokacin da babu mamayar Faransawa tukuna.

    Ko karatu littattafai or Martial arts, masu koyon sun bukaci su fara koyon Sinanci da farko. Wannan hoton hoton yara ne biyu zaune akan katako. A gabansu malami yana riƙe da sanda a hannu (Figure 1).

    Zamu iya ganin yara masu wahala suna jingina kansu zuwa “kusantar"Haruffa, suna jiran ranar da zasu iya zama asirin. Game da yaran da suka yi karanci kamar saurayiFigure 2), waɗanda suka kasance matalauta da masu son kokawar (Figure 3). Ko da a cikin ƙasa mai laushi-ƙasa, za su iya yin kokawa a kan motsi a cikin lokacin da suke kyauta.

“Vật trâu, ật bò, vật hau, vật đống

    Yin gwagwarmaya tare da buffaloes; kokawa da shanu; kokawa a kan motsi; kokawa a tsaunuka Ku kasance masu gaskiya, ku kasance masu gaskiya Yin gwagwarmaya tare da duwatsu don juya su cikin lemun tsami; kokawa da tsaunuka don juya su cikin ruwa.

Ba za ku iya samun wani abu ba, ku sami karin bayani fiye da yadda… ”

    Kokawa har zuwa sama da ƙasa sun fashe; kokawa har sai sandunan suka zama gawayi.

… CIGABA…

BAN TU THU
12 / 2019

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